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1

绰ӷԵһ¡ѽ˵Ǹɺ޵Ķ绰ӵĵ绰Ȼ֪˭ģÿδζͬһ˵
ӣʮ꣬Сѧʦʱͬʦ칫ҵĽ̵ú۹⿴ӡӵ۾İͲ
ι««ӣ
ٺ٣ҵǣǸ˴ĵ绰ܵԷЦס䡣
촩ʲôɫڿ㣬ʦٺ٣ǰɫǷۺ졣ʦǲͲֿʼ𶯡ȻʮӶ񣬲ǣ칫ﻹбڣԲ͵绰ִ绰Ҳ֪
ٺ٣ҲܴŶ̫ϲʦס˵ŮǾ޷ӵꡱӳĬšĵĵ绰㻹𣡣ƴĳ嶯ΪֹѾӵ˵Ķ绰ˣԷִֵĻǵһΡ
̲ס˰ɣʦٺ٣ֻʦסԺǺǺǣҺԸȥ۰ʦ֪ʦ˾Ȼ֪ӵ顣ΪಡסԺ¾ѧУﶼû֪
ͶҵĻٺ٣ǼԱӴһʹƷζõĸо
ġҪʦͷת򡭡˳ԼԴʣôֱһ˵ԣһߺοӸеӶУѾԷ˵ʲôһ߿κΧߣһߵж˵绰
«ʦû°ɡβӵı仯
ʲô¶ûСӾװƽȻͽͷ¡±ȥ
ĽԱ鿪úܳӴСѧųʱѾˡץʱȥʿվʱ﷢Լѧ
ѽﵺôôûؼҡ
«ʦҸղλ
˲ôڷܣʦ塱ʱȰʿѾվ˺ܳĶӣʿˣȴǳԱֻûѧ˰ʿ
ӵŶﵺʦıƵڱӵҪžҪѹѧӲò濪˫ʹվס
ﵺƽʱһʱӵ𣿡
ǣƽʱҲ
ʿʼʱͻȻе֪˭ִȹӵƨɡʼʱΪǳڻңֻ˲Сģãֻÿɺ޵ƿʼظĦӵƨɡѽɫ񡭡ڳӵӵ岻ܻֻܻͷŭĿӡһֵ˶øӴһĸӵƨϻ
ӽס彩ӲʲôֹͣûзһǰҲڰʿϱɫɧţʱ׽סǸɫ񣬲ɫھǰ̹龭ʱԼѾߵĿҪȥԺӾͬʱŲܡǣ嶼ˡ
˵ִӵƨתǰ棬ʼ¸ΪǱϵİȹеֱӸƤĴʱƨɵֿʼȹӡҪʱѾȹӵѾ˽ȥӽҧס´ҲٵȹӡǸĸоӵƨɱˡ
Ǹ쳣ȣճʪڿתȷƨɵʽݳ̶ȡ
ִƨȻƨɺʹȵķֽ߶֡ӵսˡ̲סҪʱѧˡ
«ʦôˣ
û£㲻ʲôӴΪӵֻ΢еԾ裬취λãһ취ҲûСǿʱ򣬾Ϳѧӵʱ򣬰ʿΪԺܴҡΡӴ㱣ѧֲֻ濪˫ʹվסһֱȴ˳ưӵڿƨϷ
¶Ǳı顣ҧסݶĵطڿ㱻͡˵޷ŵΪŲֵĿơ
üʦ̫ӵӴѧʹˡ
ǸﵺܱǸѽһβ濪˫ʹվס˵ֳûƨɡӵıе䣬ȫëȻ˵ֲظĦƨɣҿʼƨɽʹȵڲ
޷ܵҵýкšѽֹͣɫǡӵĺʹȹֹͣ˶ǣֿʼƶˡظĦ¸ˢһ»˵Ů˵ĲľïȻָһŪľïһ߸Ӵֱָ롣ӾŤܿΣƨϵִƨɽԡ
ֹͣѾֹͣһνкˡ
Χĳ˿һ뿴ӡףڻң֪ĸɫΪú۹⿴ӵȫɫ񡣶ִֵɫ̽ӵķӦһƨϵĶָֹͣƨɵɽԻ̲סʹͬʱ˰
ѽӺţһشӰʿˡܵӹԢվҪǰһ·ȿǵδɫܡ
㰲飬ӵı鱻ѧﵺע⵽ˡﵺõĵӡ
ѽﵺҲһˡǿ¶ЦݡȻװµδڴϵڿ㡣
Ҫɣʦ
ûӴֻǸո̫ӵʦ΢еԾӴǸ㵣ġǲǻȥ·˵ѧֿʼߡ
⸽ȽƫƧʿһСʱһΡ⳵˵Ӱͨ
鰲ӺȻ÷ǳŭ԰ʿɺɫеҪɫԼҲʮӺԿʿվʱͻȻȴһأǱ˵סˡҿĴ硣
ǡǳĸԵıܣӰѧԼı
ٺ٣Ⱥܾ«ʦ˵ЦһյŵˣһˡһͺͷϷŸֱ̫̺һ˶ӵһμ
ǲʲô顱ӵšڿӰҹ·ϣѧһǲܵġ
ٺ٣ʦСҹɢһ֡˵ץסӵӡӵһ¡ֹ˴㷢İ˵ѧҪȥ
ֹͣҪ۸ʦﵺͻȻкš
СӡʶһҵĻһ˵ڣ˾ѾﵺײȥԶﵺһҲֲ֧˵ƨˤ
ֹͣһ߱ѧһ߽кšҲҪѧȫؼҡǽʦ
Ҫģﵺʦ㲻õӴԥĻһҲ뿪ﵺôؽоûˡô˵ﵺϿߡﵺǵĵĺöλعͷӣþʧںڰ
ǺǺǣʦ˵ţץסӵļ򸽽Ĺ԰ȥΪץסԲܡӵϥʼ
ˡӻǶ˳ǿ˵ҴĵطҪʲô
ǺǺǣʦҪӴٺ١˿ӵɶЦˡǸɶЦͬʱͻȻеЦе졣ӵʼò԰ס
ٺ٣ǵ绰ЦӴٺ٣˵׼ŮӲġ
ġһ˲䣬Ӿ㵵˵ԭµĺڵǸ绰ˡֲ𽥵ϳ塣
򡭡ĵ绰ΪʲôҪɶ¡ӽкţԴϳĿֲ۾ݺݶˡ
װģӴʦҪ˰ɡٺ٣סԺӦѾͲ˼į˰ɡ滻ʹٺ١
ҽ׿ΣǸoҲǿʹŮ˸˵ÿٺ٣ʦڰʿϱǸĦƨʱ൱ϲáԱǿɶЦˡ
Ҫ޴¡ʿϵɫҲ˵ʱӸеǰδеĿֲסˡѾǵĶЦˡ˵µ
ʦ̾ٺ١
ѽֹͣ˱ʱӷ˰㶶˵֡
Ҫʦžžڼҵط׿δӵա
ѽҪӱʧȥƽƵ׿κ͸oҲǿӴ԰ͷߡ׿³ذӵš
ѽ˭ܰҡҲڷǰȻֻ˽ȹ
ѽֹֹͣͣʲô
ٺ٣ȻڿӴʦòƯٺ١ҲָӵƨɣȻƨɽԵм䡣
˭ܰҡŶҪ
̶ֳȸոպáһ§סһƨٺ١Ҳ߾ȫصĸĦȻִ
ҲһиȤӴšֵ׿˵ˡţ׿γӵǰҲϿʼ鷿ҲҲӵڿ㣬ͬʱڿ㱻Ҳֱ˺ѡ
ʲôŶ
ٺ٣õĻˣʦôҪ
˵ţҲȡ˺ɫӣȻ֪Ҫӵˢһ²԰ˡ
ҪŶֹͣ޴¡ôСֻӱšһЩȻ󣬱һؿʼơ
ҲϵƿǰӵڱסȻǰ鷿˫ӡúܽӸеĸо鷿øΪ͹ԣѾʼ֮˳
ȥҪӴʦţ̿Ҫ׿νסӺץӵ鷿ˆ~~졣˵鷿ÿα׿δʱҺųһ
ֹͣУӴ
ٺ٣Һúõ۰Ӵʦ׿εָ˵ȫͬǺƵذ׿ȴǴֱذָתŴࡣ˵˵ǴֱŪھҵʹ£ӵ忪ʼ
ֹֹͣͣѽ
ٺ٣ұ˸ӴأʦҪ۰ʦƨӴ
ǰĹҲһץסȹӵ°ڣȻӺһٰȹӵ°ڹҵסӵϡ
ѽֹͣ
ٺ٣ѾƨѾһĿȻʦ켦һ׵ƨ⡱ҲţסҲòô壬ûпƨɽԵɽʽã̶ֳҲãҲ֮ǰҲܶƯŮ˵ƨɣǣôƨɻǵһμ
ôƨɡҲӵƨɡֱָܵĴ
ѽֹͣѽÿ֡
ٺ٣ʦôӵİҲӴֱش鷿
鷿ƨɵ֣ӵŤš
ôõ壬СѧʦǿϧزҲãƨɸǺõ޷󡣶൱Сٺ٣ͷѾӲҲô
ţٺ٣ʦǲǾúҲӵĴȴ򿪡ʹȫסȲùҲóѡ
ҪŶң˭ܡ
ҪپǿܿӴʦҲץסӵһ󣬹Ҳӵ
Ҫ
ٺ٣ƨɵĿ׶úҲɶЦˡӵͨ죬Ҳû
ҪֹͣӷǣҲָ⼤ҵ²ŪһҲûӵĿ
Ҫĵطԣ
ٺ٣ѾʪӴʦٺ٣ǲǿԶЩ֭Һ
Ҳ׿μָĶ޷͵÷ޡ
ǲǿַˡ˵꣬׿ο˹ҲҲЦŵͷȻ󣬹ҲһߴӺץӵ鷿һӡӷŵǧϡ
Ҳ˵꣬׿Ȳ˿ӡ
ٺ٣׿ΣþûŮ˰ɡ
Ҳ֪õŮôܴٺ١ʦҪúõ۰Ӵ׿δӺһ߸ӵһ߿ɶЦˡ
֪˽ַӿʼҵĵֿ
Ŷ˭Ⱦң
ٺ٣ʦҪٷ׿δӺ汧סӣȻץ鷿ֱôѲ׿ε֡
ŶŶҲץסӵĽžӽסʧȥƽ׿ϡ׿һȵӡ
ǡҪ
ٺ٣ٳӰȥӴʦ˵꣬׿ΰӵ档Ҫܻһһİ׿εߡ
ҪɶĶڡһһرᴩĴһӳؿˡǸĴϸͳֱӷŰǸ޴̶Ȳ˵ܱȵġ
ٺ٣ʦһɡ׿ξعᴩӡʱ׿ϣԼǧϣҽشƨɡ׿ǰӵϣʼ塣
ʦſٺ١
ѽôᣬоǿʼˡʱǰĹҲóѪ۾ǡ
ѽҪ
ٺ٣ǳʵӴʦܺĿ׿εĶڽʦСѨӴ
ѽӲԡôֱŪҲûֹͣǣӸо𽥱Ҳ΢Ĳͬ
ٺ٣иоʦҲܵӵ仯̰չ׿δ͸ӵĵطŪ
ô׿Ρʦζ
񱻡ϡĸоǵһΡ
𣬺ٺ٣ôҲһ¡Ҳʼҡǧȷζҡȥ֮ԼҲϵǧ档Ȼ˿ʼҡǧһҲ״̬ӵ츽
ʦǧҪҧٺ٣촽ͷ˵ţҲͻȻʹӵ
أʹ࡭Ӳסؼҿԣ׿治ͣĲһҲӵ﷢ص졣׿Σһҡӵһ߼ҵس壬鷿
ѽҪڡӵ𽥱üҡ뻶ֵı겫ţǣԽսԽÿб֮ǰҪͣԽŪ
ٺ٣üӴʦǲǾ泩
ǰǰҲиоɣʦٺ٣ֹͣӴ׿κ͹Ҳ֮ǰֱ̣ؼӡҡεǧֱӵĿһԶš
׿κ͹ҲӵʱʱѾҹ㡣Ѿƣһһ
ٺ٣ԱʦҪǿʦӴÿʦŵĿҾ;øˡ
Ҳʦٺ٣ҹ̫׿κ͹ҲɶЦˡ
ٺ٣ֻҪ˵£ʦ֪ºʲôӳأ˵׿κ͹ҲѸٵ뿪ˡ
ã塣û뿪ס¸ҲҵȹӣֻﲻͣĿޡ


2

ڶ죬˵˸ðûȥѧУֻǦһسһҲûСڵּӶκ˶û˵ӾԲ֪֪ӱּ飬𾪵϶Ს񻯡
Ҳö͵͵Ŀ޹Ĳκˣǽ顣뵽ǸҸΪԼٴ趼ֵõġ
ֹһ죬Сѧˡݵʱ򣬾Ԥϵ׿εĵ绰
ٺ٣ʦѧУϢʱ㣡ĿԼŤٺ٣һҲ񱻷ŮӴԷһ˵ӸеշӲˡ
ӴʦѧУˣϴεĹ԰𣿺ٺٺ١
԰ȥΪǸζʲôͲĵֲԾĿʼˡǲǻӿʼʧ롣
һҪӴҪǲĻһڵġٺ١񿴴ӵһأ׿εĻʼˡ
ǡ֪ˡò˵껰ǱҶ˵绰ǣӴѧУûȥ԰ö׿ΨǴӣôʼջ㡣ϴĳѾᡣͷƤᷢ顣ҪźáڲУ֪ߵסԺҽԺ˯Űɡһ߿˯ͬʱһᡣ
ӴӲ㷵صʱסˡ׿Σһߵ̣һЦ
ôĵطҲ
ٺ٣ʦѾȫӴʦǸеΪӴ׿ץסӵ̹ʵ˵š
ôһȥ𣿺ٺ٣ҲĶѾŭȲĳͷʦӴ
ᡣҪپҡԵᡱ÷ŭ۾׿Ρ
ǲǼʹٺ٣Ļҿʲôˣƻǽġ
ʲôġɡ
Ӷ˵νʦǿȻŵĿޣȴԼŤġٺ١Ǹһߵ¡뵽ӵ̱ò԰סʱ׿ץסӵӴĲ
ȵȡӵԺסкü˶׷ӣǣӶʮ껹ǶȫΪӲʧȥ
ȵȣС
ٺ٣ôȥȥʦĹԢӴ
ãȥ֮ӱ׿ס˳⳵
⳵ʼܵʱ׿ϰӵȹӡҲϾŵðס׿ε֡
ֹͣĵطԡȻֿǣȻǿַ׿εֹͣ׿εָǻȵڲڿ㡣
«ʦ˵ڿġʦʺϲ׿һӵĶ˵ţһֻţ㽵ڿ㡣
ѽԡһẦߵġ
ҪӴϿ¶ƨӴ˵ţ׿δֱذӵڿ
˾ԭҧס촽ѹסӽųڿ׿Цˡ
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ѽŶӽס˰鷿ҡ¶˳ң˾۾ͨӾÿˡæŵ˫ָסز
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ѽʲôֹֹͣͣӾŵѹȹӣǣ׿εץסӵ鷿ֱΪ˾һ
Ŷֹͣӵ﷢˽ӽĺǸܵͣ˾
ٺ٣ܺõָһֻӵ鷿һֻѾȹ׿Цˡƴ㶶׿ε֡⳵ǼҵػƼʱͣˡӱּǸ԰ǰ
ӳ⳵ʱҲѾˡ
ʦ˵꣬Ҳֱ԰ͷȥԣΪһֱû԰
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ôʦǵϴεǧ𣿺ٺ١Ҳ׿̧ӵðŵǧİϡ
ѽŶҪʲô
ٺ٣˵ҪͷĳͷӴҲӵΪ֧ŵ㣬ȻͷŵϰһӵıţΪΡʱ׿óµӡ
ôʦѽ̧棬ǺǺǡԭ׿δӵĽǧϡ
ѽŶӵű߸ߵص
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ٺ٣ƨɿӴԽԽʦڣʦƨɿٺ٣ôú«ʦйٱ˿ӣӸеδй߳ܡ
𿴡ĵطŶԡ
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ٺ٣ʵ̫ʦҲʼָӵĸš
ҪĵطŶ
ΪʲôӴٺ٣һͻ泩ġָʱӵĸŷԵؽխżҵ
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ôĵŮӴٺ١ôҲԺÿ춼Ҫ೦ٺ١Ҳӵƨ⣬ϷôӵĸҲǱ¶šӵĸš
ҪֹͣŸһһرܹᴩӳؿˡʱ׿ץסӵͷǿаӵ촽Լ촽һ߷౵˱һһֻץӵ鷿
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ٺ٣«ʦʼ೦ӴƷζɡ˵ţҲʼƶˡڱơƵĴӵ弤ҵˡξǳؿޡ
ʦȥ𣿺ٺ٣Ҫǻûȥһͻкܴ̼¡ҲһЦһ߼Ʊá
ʦǲʲôҪǺǺǡҲѶccơȫעγܣ˹೦
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ٺ٣ʲôʱĿ˵Ӵʦٺ١Ҫȥ˰ɡҲһΪʾ˵Ĺ೦һʤЦˡ
ѽӷ˰һα೦ЧֳˡӵĸʹϮȥĴֱ̼ı⼱ٵĳ
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ôˡʦٺ٣ɫǳ԰Ӵ
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ӵϿʼսʹҲʾΪѵ㿴ǸѽҪźõģѽʹ࡭ֱرٴ³ӽ߾ԼҲǶ߶µ𶯡
ٺ٣ʹࡣȥҲӵĶߵ˵š
ġӼҵصͷ
ٺ١
ҲĳЦӱذʹ¾ᡭΪŮˣұͣ
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ڼ䣬Ҳȡ߽ӵͷ
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ٺ٣ʲôʹӴʦҲɶЦˡ
ڶι೦ʱ򣬹Ҳ׿ν⿪˵ŵӡֵӾû
ѽҵȥ⿪ϵӺӴ԰ĹܡΪѾͲ˵ĳ̶ȣϾҪԼĿơ
ȵӴʦ׿ץסӡȻӹҲǶѰסͷĵ߲Լָϡ
ȥ
ʦǸжߡǺǺǣʦصԢǰһ°ɡ׿κ͹Ҳŵ߿ʼ·ߡ
ѽǶʹѽʹ
ٺ٣ʦҹɢһҪһŤƨһߡ
ǰ˵ӴҪȻ;йңʲô˿Ļʱ򡭡ٺ١һŵߣһû˵ҹ·ϣҲ׿Цˡ
ѽʲôһ߿һ߱ߡ˵û˵ҹ·˵׼ʲôʱͻͨңֱıѾûа취Ƶĵز
ѽʹ࣬ӡҪѿһѽ
ٺ٣ʦĹԢҪʮҡôһ°ɣٺ١ߣйҲԡ
ŶҪסһȥΪʹ߶µĲšŮ˵̶ֳȣӦ߳ܵйˡӻŬšҲ׿ͬʱͶ۹⡣
ʿվˡΪҹûˣԿӵĹԢＸûͣǣӵҲ˼ޡѽѾˡʹࣩҲʲô˻ǡ·
ѽӸеԼŵľΣæŵļѾϾҪˡ
ѽȥ桱ڰʿվǰкš
ȥ棿ָʦٺ٣ʵʵչʾǿʦǲϾҪٺ٣ôųɡҪݺݵйʦ
ŶǿȥǱߡżʾѾԽ͵ĽޡܣѾҲܶˡҪһĶϾͻų
ҲӵȻ׿ξƨɡٺ٣ܿ
ƨɵĿ׶ʦô󵨵ɡ׿κ͹Ҳͬʱӵĸš
ӵƨɿʼܴˡ
ѽ𿴣Ҫ
ǺǺǣúƨɵĿӴ«ʦ
ҪŶҪңѽſӵĿд
Խͽ޵ļѾҲ޷ֹס


3

ԼĹԢšΪŮ˾Բܱ˿ΪйΪ˿ţ߳ܺ£ֻڣӵҲ׿οɶָšңǶ˶Ѿ塣
Ѿһһ˵šǸܸеŮ˵ı
˵ʲôʦٺ١ֻǳͷԺӻܳӴ׿ΰӱԼϥ档񱧺ִӺӵĴҴ򿪡
ѽʲôѾ
ҪӴʦֻдƬҲܺ˵ӵսˡ
ŶǧҪƬźʱѾˡǸźһ׿οʼŪӵ塣֪ҪƬŤűǿҵķ
ŶҪƬԣѽôҲС׿õֺݺץ鷿Ů˵ͷ¶˳ƿʼҫ׿ηӵ塣Ȼӱ򿪵Ĵ֮䣬ӵ˫ȿɶ۵ơ
ٺ٣úõ
ƬŶѽ׿ν׳ӵ壬׼׿һͦһһһعᴩŮͷĴ
ԣҪѽ
ٺ٣൱ƬӴ׿ضýó
ȷǶʺ󣬿ʼ˶
ѽֹͣҪѽŶԡӷ˾ʧĿ׿εĳҲԽԽң֪УӸеԼ˱仯ǲ֪Ϊʲô
ѽѾһ˵ţӵһԼѰŰһؿʼŤ
ٺ٣ŤʦſԼӴ׿ץסӵһҡһ߸ҡԼʱӺԼƬһѾΪ״̬ң׿κ֪Ů˵ƵģĳǸǴǲƷζġȫܻһǿϲá
ٺ٣ҵļȫʹóʦеɡ
ѽ壬ҡӵ𽥱üңû뵽ŵҲᷢ
׿ν⿪ӱ֣⿪ӺӾȻԼŤʹ鷿»裬ʶ״̬Լ֪Լʲô
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ٺ٣׻ŮӴʦ׿һ߿ʪ͸һĳЦš
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ѽá
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ҪɴɱҡµĹ´ſޡ
ͷŮ˻ٵĵ߼ҵ϶׿ΡѾΪ״̬
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֪ǸáʱһһĹȥҲһһظǡѽӴȥǣ׿˫ȥ·
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ٺ٣ǰӴȡĻųʦңһĿʦйǶôӴٺ١׿κ͹ҲͻȻץסӵףȻ̧𵽸Եļϡһӵĸžȫ¶ڶǰ
ҪǿȥֻһˣһŶҲ뱻˿йΪӽ߾ľñʹк
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ٺ٣ʵʵҹŮ˵йҲ˸ĵԴߡ
ӵĸҵعһ¶ˡ
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ӵĺſʼСӵҲ˼ޡͬʱѾ޷ֹͣļųˡ
ٺ٣ʦĶǳطųˡ׿κ͹Ҳһϸ۲ţһЦˡ
ǸȫεйŵѾˡ




ڶ Űİû

1

Ͽεʱ䵽ˣվ
Ҳ׿ζˡΪӹ೦ҿйΪʹˡ
ӳûʱ˰ȹȻױ̨ǰɫĲ԰ס۾ѾײѪȻǷǳȥѧУǣһܱȺһںЩ
ӹԢʱ򣬹Ӻ洫˹ҿʼƨɡ
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ҲһЦһ߱סӵҲ˳ƻȹ
ѽֹͣٲ㣬ѧУҪٵ
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ʿһҲϰȹһظĦһƨɵ̶ֳȡ
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õӴΪװ˯šٺ١
˵ţҲǿаӴ벡
Ҳ˵û˯ţ˯ĺ絽һĹҲѾðҩ˯Ӳ֪

Ͼŵס졣Ҫѹ
ʦȹӾ¶ƨɡ
׿ţȻأȴЦ⡣
ѵϣŪ
˵ţҲҪơ
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ߵ㡣ҪƨɱһĿȻӴ㾭ʱǸӣʦ
ʲôٿطǰʵ̫пˡ
ѹţҲֻǻЦ۹Ҳҷ
Ѿˡ֮ǰֻǵ
ӱ۾ȹӡףƨ¶˳
Ҳȥš
ٺ٣ÿοƯβʦſŸĴϰɡ
Ӿȹſ档¶β΢΢ڲ
׿ץסϵӵӡӿڴȡӲϣҵڴķʵ
ǲǡҪŶ
¡ҪŴһ㣬ƨɲŻ
ֲ¸ǿʹ̧ƨɡһβķ
ѽǣŪꡭ֮ǰŪꡭ
ٺ٣ʦҪҪԹ԰˵
Ҳ׿βЦˡ
Ҳ׿εſӵƨǰ棬óѪ۾š
Ŵһ㣬ҪܹȫƨӴʦ
ڴϵ˫űǿеӵĸȫ¶˳ɰӣСһ汻Ϳſں죬ֱӵСһ졣
ٺ٣ǲǸŻױˣʦÿɰ
ǵһΡڿʼữױøƯ
׿κ͹ҲƨɣһһЦ
ѽ𿴡
йٱţ度ߵŤǣ
׿ȥ÷ߵ¼ơ
ٺ٣ʦҪǵŮˣǵһλٺ٣õʹõ¼ơ
׿ذ¼Ʒӵĸϣ¼Ѹٵسȥ
ͣס֡
ٺ٣ôĻ˻ѹġ
ӵİСˡµӿ˿Ȼ˯ĺѡ
أǡ֣̫ˡ
¼ķУҧǿš
ٺ٣Сʦٺ٣ǸеĲλӦúܸӴ
¼ƼֻˣֻһС¶ڸ⡣
ҲץסǸ¼ƣʼҡǰҡţԲȦת
ԡҪôҪ
ٺ٣˾¼ƳŪƨɿ׵ôʦٺ٣鲻ɡ
أҲ֪ͣأҡ
Ҳ쳣ΪӿʼˡһֱԱ߿ŵ׿ΣҲǳ˷ܡ
ٺ٣ҲҪƨɿףҾߡ
ţͷӵ˫ϥ֮䡣
׿ϸоǰŮϢڵĲľïڶ߶µĲĿŮزλͷ
׿ΰָ쵽ǸѷϣȻѻˡ
ѽԡ
ǣķŤŤҲ°Ѱɡ
׿βпİޣʼָŪ档
ѽͣУҪء
ٺ٣ϲʦ
׿һЮסѿţһֵʳָָŮ˵ͷֱָҲʹõ¼һҵضš
Ƕʹ࣬ͬʱҲûǰǸҲŮԹ֮ܵ
ӵΧʼʾϲõĸо
أǡڣŶԡѽҡ
ٺ٣Ҫͣʦٺ٣Ѿ֭Һˡ
׿εָ¼£ҪطӦ
õģ١
泩𣬺ٺ٣ǰ˲ʦ
Ӽҵҡͷ
˯ŵˡǰƺʹ߳ܺ裬ֱҪһ
׿ҲҲ˽⵽һ㣬˹û̼ȡ֡
ٺ٣ô࣬Ҫζ˵
ôӴһʦٺ١
׿κ͹Ҳϴ̼ӣͬʱһ߿ϵı仯
ѽҪ˵߳ܡء
ôҡͷ㶶ĹܡѾûĿС
ĿԽüҲЦˡ
ٺ٣Ҫˡ׿ΣԣǺǺǣֻҽԺŻȤĶ
Ҳóǵܣ͵ġ
ǺǺǣʦѾȥӦûûаɡ
׿εָ̽ӵڣָشš
ٺ٣ǲӴʦ
ġҪ
ӿǳǱ
ԭܴ̼ҵӣȻֿµԤС
Ȼ֪ǸΪʲôûҲ֪Ǹʹãϸ𽺹ȷʵëȻ
ᣬǴʲô
ʦǲӴǺǺǡ
Ҳ룡úµкš
ٺ٣ʦģôǻƵĶԴġ
ǲҪѽҲ
ٺ٣Ů˵ʱʵϲһǰӴʦ
׿һŰӵڣһЦš
Ҳߵˮޡˮˮõġ
ѽСͣҪֱ̬¡
Ѿ̫Ӵʦ
׿ذ𽺵ĵܷŽӵڡ
ѽԡͣ
ҪӴܼɡʦ
ء
ϸ𽺹һļ˽ȥǸĸоʹӻ壬ˡ
Ž˺ȵˮٺ١
ءͣ
𽺹ܣӵԾͦ
ԡ
ô˵ӵҺʼ𽺹ܵǰͷˮޡ
ǰѾᡭţԼʶ
ٺ٣׳۵ľɫӴʦˡ
ٺ٣һֱأʦ
Ҳ֪˶ʱ䣬缺ҡҲ׿εҲһѾˡ
ٺ٣൱ࡣˣһܳԾɡ
ôҲ뵽ԼŮİɡŶҲϳζģٺ١
Ҳ׿һ߿ˮӵҺһ߳Цš
Ҳ׿οѾǽƣ񷢴һ״ָ̬ʾţڴʵ
ͣѾǵҪ󡭡
׿δĴĴȸָŪŹزľï
ѽҪʲô
ٺ٣صˡЩοƷǳʶӴٺ٣Щʲôء
׿ƺһĳëͻȻ׿εͼ
Ҫ¡ԣͣ
ٺ٣ֱ׼ʦǲѾ֪Ҫë
ŶҲҪꡱ񷢷ƵĽкš
ܵõʦë˻еϲõģٺ١
֭ҺǺǺǣ¶һƯġ
˵ţ׿ҽ굶
ͣ꣬ѽҪϵƴŤƨɡ
ëĴʹҧ˫ۡӽҧ֮䷢˳
Ҳĳëߡ
ԡޣޣء
Ů˵ĳø¶־ַǳĺߡ


2

ӱҽԺʱ򣬸ɫѾúܰ
ٺ٣ܹ֮⻬Ӵ
Ҳӵȹӣָ軭Ů˵ĳ
ӵû˳ëԴɫŮһɰ
ûжҲָŤŤǴ򿪵ģĺڷҹƮţҲ˳ŷˡ
ûҲү
ʦƨߡ
ӳĬţһšͻȻҲĴӵ
ƨߣû𣿡
ӺµľȹӣƨɳҲƨ΢΢šͬʱŪԼĸˡ
ٺ٣ԹҵĻͲʹˡ
ҲָϮ˸ţ֪
ŶҪŪƨ
ٺ٣ˣʦƨɿױ붫Ӧúܸ˲Ŷԡ
Ҫ̬
ǰ裬һֱ͵һˣӴĿ޺
£˵ˡ
Ҳĸһƣ񷢷һƴš
ǣޡǷӡ
ѾˡٱǵһŪ
ǡңô̬¡̫ˡ
ָץŹҲƴڷšΪٴδعԢĻֽǿֲع೦
ץңҲҲӵⷴеš
ΪڿռСߴĹҲ޷˳쿪ֽš
ʵӴʦ
׿ΣòͣסӺϮ
ҾҪ˵ޣ
ͬʱϮֿ
ת˲䣬Ӿͱסȫ·ҲˡӰ˫šᣬӰ
ɶŮˣһҪ
ԣһҪ׵һУ´βǡ
˵ţҲӰ۵ļϡӵֱزذסʹѪҺ޷
ʹޣ㾹ҡôӣűƴš
ץҡһúõĻؾġ
ͻ۸Ůˣޣӣ̬
˵úûؾġʱҪŪƨɿףٺ٣ôʦ
Ҳָһӵĸţһ߳ЦšѾһֻȡղŵתˣһĶ档
˭ޡʲôĥңʹޡӴкš
һߺӵ۾û뿪Ҳпµĵߡ
ٴηҲָҲû뿪ӵĸšţȻýóָ
ӽҧסûһǣ屾ԵҲָŤ
ôʦԼƨɡú𣬺ٺ١
˵˭ǿȵ¡
ٺ٣ͿԿĿӴٺٺ٣ƨͣٹһ鶼鲻ʦƨʹʲˡ
ҲһʾһЦˡһӰת˹ȥ
ãڹ԰ǰͣ˵Ǹĵط
ôɡ
Ҳ׿ΰӲ³빫԰С
Ҫʲô
ûӵĽкŷŵֱץסҵף˺ͣϡ
ס֣ʲô
ӵűֱĵʹ޷ֿ
ҲȡһЦһӴ򿪵Ĵǰʹš
ôڿ԰ŽƨɿʦǲǺܸˡ
ӵĸűֱز
أᡭ
ӵ˫żҵš̫ˣôҲȥǣĵһһ߼ѹÿһĶͻһһӵĸݡ

ôҧݲûáӻܲ˵ؿ޺ˡ
ãһˣҲָţӴͷ
ءޡ
ٺ٣ֻĻĻںأʦ
ҲΡǲǿ԰򴵹ˡ
С𽺱õ׿ýѯšҲָӵĸţȷ
ҲΪԵص˵ͷ׿οʼѹ롣
Ҫ
ֱ񱻵絽һӵϰǷ˳ȥ޷ĳҲһһش򿪡
ǺǺǣôĿղŵļǿȥˣʦ
ס֣ͣ
ܵһĿ´ҵĿ޺šżֱҪ˺һ
Υǵ³˰ɣٺ١
ҡѾˡ
ٺ٣Ӵ
Ҳֹ׿λڼע֡
׿ΣȵɡһΣѾͿԴﵽǵҪˣٺ١
׿֣ͣЦ¿ӡ
ٺ٣ȴ⿪ʼʦ
ӱ˫֮䣬塣Ȼĸ֮Уַˡ
ޣ
ٺ٣ɡһʹʦᵽʲôŮˣٺ٣ҹر۰ġ
׿βδϲ룬ֻΧĦšǱëĳϡ
˫ץӵ鷿ֱشš
ŶͣҪ
ٺ٣ҪٽǲסǸֲݵ족
Ҳס˦ǿӵ촽
Ǹʱ򡭡
ۡ
Ҳ
Ҳôˡ
׿γԾĿҲ
ѪӹҲסǵָ֮˳ԭǱҧ촽
˵ڲҲڷЧ𣿡
׿һͦ˵ӵڡ
ѽޡ
˵ôѽǺǺǡ׿ηЧӵ˵š
һϷôҲͣ
׿μֱһؿʼǸֱĶƺӵǶ֨֨¸µ졣
ιҲûɡ
û¡΢еˡٺ٣ô˵ҲҪѵƥҰǰɡ
Ҳһסǣһ¶ɬ΢ЦȻץסӵͷ˹
ʦǵ˵Ļһúûرġ
ޣȥˣ
׿Ĺᴩӻֿ
ٺ٣ٳǿˣͻģʦ
˭˵
ĻǾԿɣʦٺ٣ʼ
ҲͻȻƶĿء
˵ʼ񵴡ǰ׿ΣֱŪӵȻͦ𡣱˫ţҵš
ͣŶС
ת˲ҵ״̬ȫĹͷܻһĸеǿҵãҲʲôԵʡ
ҧסݣѾõıСǣԽеĲλӦ伤ҡ
ѽҪͣ
ٺ٣ϲɣʦ΢˽ʲôŮӴ
׿ѹҲǷݶͷҲһҵҡϳײ
Ұɣ
ӿŰ󣬼ֱ񱻶ʳһ
ʱ԰±֣Ȼ֪Ĺںš׿ʳŮ壬ʹ뵽׸ĸ
׿뿪ӵ塣
ߡɣʦղŵôû˵Ҫϵַ㣬ҿ˵ģӴʦٺ١
ޣ
׿аĿӵֻǱ˫۴Ϣ
׿˵ϵַΡӴĺſޣ׿λþ˵صŤ̡ȫǺ׿ΣȴһҲûԳƣ͵ɫ
Ҳٺ٣ôҪǿ𣿡
ȵȵȡصԢ֮پسͷֻǿɡ
ҲЦţʼȥӽϵӡҧƵ촽ѲѪ
ϵǽ⿪ˣ˫ֻǱš
һֱ˯ŲӴʦɢصĹԢ
ǿ
ѾľͣĲεļҪȥ
ιҪװĥĥ䣬ҾʹĿʦ
ҲץסӵĸϴĵԴߣŭš
ӵͷҧ´ʼεǰߡӺ濴ȥĨһ⻬ֹˡ˫ֱں󱳣ֻһ˫߸ЬŴӸ˵ĵǰߵӣһ޵ƨɣ¹ӳ¸
š
ʲôٺ٣ȻصԢҪٿҲ١
ҲһԼж׶೤ĵߡ

Ӱվס˽šʵҪΪôҲʹΧ䡣
ò׳ɢ΢Զɣٺ١
·Լһңһꡣ
ٺ٣ҲȥһɡҶҲеˣǰɡ
ٺ٣ô˵ӣһѿ˵۹ⶼֲĶԻԾӻͷǡ
£ǡ
ӺµתɵͻȻˡ
Ҳŵߣԡ
ٷϻɧҵĻȺͻۼʦ
ҰѴ¸ϣͲᷢɧˡ
׿νӵļϣִӵļ磬ꡣ
Ǻ׿͹Ҳǹձ꣬ٺ١ĸӽš
ٺ٣㸸µıѽ𣿡
̨ϵĸףÿ½׿αѵһˡΪº飬Զ׿ΨǴӡ
У׿κ͹Ҳԡ
ͷƿ
ǡ
ͷڷ຦׿κ͹Ҳ
͵һϴµӣȻ˰鷿ӣҲţֻװû
촽һˣٺ١
Ҳһߺžƣһӵ鷿׿ָ˳ŴȸĦ⻬
ӵĴʼ̧
ʦԵɡ˶Ӻܶ˰ɣٺ٣˺ູܶǰɡ
׿δг͵ӵߡ
Ҳԡ
Ӵѵ
ӺµðѼȥ
׿κ͹Ҳһιӳ棬һ߲ͣİƤ
ͷҲһֱ͵š⣬ͻȻĴڴȫ屻åŪƤֻҪ˾Ͳܲ
׿ע⵽ͷߣаЦˡ
뿴ͷ
Բʵ̫Ư֪
ͷæŵĵͷ˵׿κ͹Ҳ⸽ǸûвµġͷеʧҲͲˡ
ٺ٣ʦͷ뿴ʦ塱
׿ץסӵͷ̧
ԡ
Ǻܺز
ӴʱҲĴ¸ˡ
ǱӰߵ鷿Ź͹͹Ҳ¶˳
𿴡
ͷԾĿࡣǣ۾һӵƤ
ٺ٣ǸŮˡǲѧУʦ˲壬ٺ٣ҲĽӴ
ͷЦˡ
׿ӵ鷿ҡΪͷչʾҲ¸ʹظĦš
̲סĿ˿˿ĿŰԹǣĿҲֻǵ¾Ʋˡ
Ҳ׿ץסӵףһһش򿪣Ȼ󱧵Եϥ档
ֹͣҪ
ӴʦͲܿҪĵطˡ
ͷ̽ϸĿšӦע⵽ӵûӦеë
Ǹǣġ
ǸŮ˵һš
ˣٺ٣ܺÿɡ
ѧУʦĿǺϲӴϲ˿ٺٺȣ԰ëˡ
Ҳ׿ָһ߸ĦţһЦˡ
˵ѡģ֣̫ˡȫͨĿ޵
Ӽʹ˵ӲǿëģͷҲסӱϣԼǸ޵ˡǣͷֻװδ
ӵ˿ʵڿϧ
Ҳ׿εָӵزλָҲڲǸͷҲú
ѽҪͣ
ӵڶ֮Ťţš
ٺ٣ͷǲǺУλʦᷢĿ
ǵ۰£Ѿˣٺ١
ָ촽һĻΧţۺޣʱʳָָͻȻӵ˽ĹҲָӻȥ
Ҫأͣ
ٺ٣ʼúһоá
ҲЮһ㳦õӵǡ
԰ɣʦ㲻Ƿǳϲ㳦ٺ٣ǵС
ԣҵҡͷڼŵôܳԵýȥ
ҲˣԹذ㳦ѹ
ιҪǲеĻǲǾͿԳˣٺ١
ǹҲʼҪĽ
֪Ҫ㳦ʱ񷢷һؿʼ
ȾңСƴͷȡ
ǣͷǸһֻǸеԾĿŹҲ㳦
Ҳѹ㳦
ҪȣȰ
ӵţҲ¶ʹı顣
Ҫȣ
ٺ٣ġôҪĲλǻûùأٺ٣ڸоȣһͻġ
׿ָǸλҲ˳ƽ㳦˽ȥ
ǲǺȰʦ
Ҫȡͣ㳦ҵ˽
Ҳеʮ˷ܣһߺžƣһ㳦ĥӡ㳦һȥϸµķ׿ָⲻͣĴ㳦Χ
Ҫҧݿš
ãﵽ˹ܵľС
ٺ٣漤ҰʦҪеϲãٺ٣ΪҹҲúõ۰Ӵ
ҧ촽ĹҲйһӼҵ㳦ĥ׿οĵЦˡ
ӵȻһ
ȥˡŶŶŶҪ
Ӵţ·Ҫþȫ岻ϵ
ٺ٣㳦ζ൱Ѿõ˸߳
Ҳذγ㳦˵˵š
ǸͷĶͷѾ˺飬㵵һ仰Ҳ˵·𻹳ڸղǸ𺳵ľ
ʦѾõˣٺ٣ôȥɡ
ҲŸĵߣʹվ
ͷΪչʾһϷ¶˭Ҳ˵Ӵ˵ȥĻ
ǣ֪ӴʲôûӴҹѾȫˡ
ݵͷŵĻӦţ׿εĿá
ôǲǻҪǮ
Ҳ׿Ҳ֧ǮֱӴݳˡ
Ƴӣ˫ͷˡҲҪɢƵҡš׿æŵ֧סӵ塣
ô˯Ӵʦ
صԢĳͷٺ٣ǲǿȡϵǸں죿
ҲŵĴһظĦƨɣһ˵š
ҧҵ촽Ůˣʦǵһٺ٣Ҫúõĳͷƨɡ
ٺ٣ߵĹҲҪʦƨɿأٺ٣ڴɣʦ
Ҳ׿Ϊ˾ƣ»εġ۾ȴ쳣Ѫš
ѽޡɴɱҡ
šô˵ҲĵЦˡ
ٺ٣һȥģʦ
ǹ೦˵֮󣬹ҲЦ
ΪӵĹԢѾǰˡ


3

ѧ󣬻ؼ;еӸоŲޱȵĳءصԢµĹҲ׿οˡ
ˣҧ촽ĹҲҹ϶ͷġҹݺ̫ƣһعԢҲ׿ξ˯ˡ
ԣô졭ѵͷʣı̵𡭡ӣҸôźá
ӾʮֿգԭּԼ̬ѾüδֱܵǣÿεǸʱ˵ӶḡԼǰʹòסš
֪࡭ѽĻпܻ¡
ֲĸоʹӲͣķ
գӻεѡصС
һ빫Ԣʱ׿һƴӵա
㵽ȥˡҵĳͷûء
סաó޺ͷŭ۾׿Ρ
ʦûҧ촽°ɣٺ٣ڿʼҺúõĻر㡱
ٷϻܣ۸Ů޳ӴȻõӦ
Ӻ޺޵˵š
ȻܴӹҲ׿ѣӻƴ
ɶ㻹˵
ٺ٣΢һ£׿ΡҲֹ˴㶯ֵ׿Ρ
ٺ٣ֵܼʲôʱҲ˵ҪĥĻٺ٣ͷƨɿ׵ʱ򣬿㻹᲻ٳǿ
ҲЦţ·ϵĺҲбһЦ
ôٺ٣ӱѱƥһȤ˵ͷƨɿˣǺǺǡ
ѷȤǶ쳣Ըͷһܺõݡ
̬ӽкš
֪ôͽ͵ģǹԹԵǰڲԾǿ˵ǲĬĬܡ
ԽǷԽʹҲ׿θеϲãҲԴС
ǺǺǣż˰ɡϿѳ壬ƨѾȵòͷ˰ɡ
׿κ͹ҲӵķǼֱƤƵĳȹӣֱƤȫ¶ΪǲŮԼǰ¡
ѽҪҵʲôʱǲܸġޣ
ţҪסһȥ
ôǿ廹ʧȥ˵׻ŮˡʹԱȱǿ߳ҲǿСѧϴӾ¶ߺġ
ڣȻϻڼ֣һ˿Ķʹȫ
ٺ١
Ҳ׿οĵЦţߴӱİ
ãȵͣӵƨϡƨȻϰгζ
ٺ٣ǰٿƨɡΪѧУʦʵ̫Ľˣ«ʦ
Ҳ˵Цˣһӵƨɿ촽˻ʹš
ΪҪͷӣڶǰɫӡ
ӿëȻҡҷţʹúºԹ޻ӵŹҲ
ٺ٣ʦȻµǻҪǿ̫
ҲĬĬЦţһЦһץסӵӣ˫ǰϵ
׿ץסӵסͬİŲϵ
Ҫʲô
ҰӴʦڰŪɴԶӣٺ١
ûӵĽкҲ׿μӵֽŰãӵӶĴϡ
Ĵ£ͻȻſˡ
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ÿһΣֽŶصһ㣬ӵҲҡš
ٺ٣ӲӴϲסĸоɡǲǾúܸˣ«ʦ
ڲӴʦ˵ʲôʱͻ˵ÿ
Ҳ׿γЦţȻӣĻëȻ֨֨¸µ졣
ӵֻһһűţڹϹһ
ǾǴԶӡУʹҧס´
ʱȫѪ·һ衣
Ӻ濴Ļߵĵطῴһ
ءҰɡ
ٺ٣أʦûŪƨɿأһô
Ҳ׿νӵƨɵذһ׵ĸ߶֮ϵͷ
ǳãʦԶȫһǺǺǡʦǲҲΪأ
ҲЦţһ߿ʼڵذĥŮ˵ĸָСߡвƵĸֹ೦͸õȵȣһһΪչʾ
һĻӣ˲þʧæŵתȥֲȫţҲ÷ӲԵʶĸ߶ǳйٶġ
ٺ٣ϲΪʦζҰ»ٺ٣ĸ涼дʦרӴ
ǺǺǡһһʹʹúķأڴ«ʦ
Ҫʹ˻ȥһĿֲϮˡȻƴװƽԲ԰ף΢΢š˵ˣӻҧס´ֲʹԼ
ʹĶͼ̬
ӴŶӹҲҲǲǰʾɡҪǲĻӿϾҪˡ
ʹͼҲνǺǺǣùʱƴ޺ġ
ôͼ˸߼𷣰ɡٺ٣ʦǿҪرչˡ
Ҳ׿Цӵƨǰһȥ
켦һذƨɣںڹҲ۾Ǹ߶ҡҷšǸƨӣСһĸСһĺš
֪Ҳ׿ε۾עԼʹҲް취ӵĸźҲеҵߣƵʹ
ӵƨɿʼҡҷ·Ǹнѳ
ٺ٣ôڶʦƨɿǲǺӴ
Ǵߴ۰𣬺ٺ١
Ҳ׿ϷŪšҿŵ֣ʼڷ˫ƨظĦ
˵ûǻ¡ޡ
ӻڳǿȴϿʼˡÿα͹ⷢظĦţӴƨɵȶͣĲʾޱȵĿֲ衣
ֱùҲ˵òˡ
Ҫѿɰƨɿ¶Щɡʦ
ҲӲǰǿƨ𣬽ָƨɷлţȻͻȻ׽סӵĸš
Ҫʲôޡ
ԤϵйٱͣĴţӵ岻ԾĿʼ
ҲʳָָŸš
Ť壬ԵʮǱһֱȰ˵ԼľͶҡˡǸĴþʹŮ˵ĹСȫš
ʦһɣٺ٣ӦѾо˰ɣ«ʦ
Ҫ˭˵ޡ
ҧݣǿŲŻڱţǸĸоʹ䣬ȫŲ
൱ӴʦǺǺǡں컹ƨӴȫȡɡ
ʲôġô˼򵥵ġ
ȷʵڰʿؽںĸ֮УѾȥһˡΪųȥˡ
ôŪ˵ٺ٣ʹᡭһҪʹ޵Ӵʦ
Ҳ˳ذϵĲѾбʪعᴩ˸š
ѽҪ޷ͣӿ˰
ڲĴɫ԰ף彩Ӳ
ʮеƨɡٺ١óʦ
Ĳʼ
ùӴҪ¡أҪ
㲻Ūʦٺ٣ķӴ
ٺ١
ҲЦţ֪ѾŪྻˣΪʹӡ
׿Ҳվ滻Ҳòӵĸš
ĸоӵˡ
ÿںķȷʵ˵ġһ
µԤУʹúµ۹⿴Ҳ
ʲôӴкš
ҪʲôˣҲ뵽
ҲЦſ˿ӣ˹೦Ϊչʾ
Ҫǡ
ëȻĹ೦ӽס
ѵҪ೦
ӵò԰ˣ촽ʼ¡Ҳܱƽ
ᡭǸֻǸԡ
ǺǺǣΪᣬԲŻǳͷʦͷǹ೦ӴͬӴٺ٣׼ܹ೦𷣰ɡ
ҲһЦţһ߽೦Ĳ
ǿڹ೦ǰҲþʧˣεòƺÿġ
ٺ٣Ϊ«ʦر׼Ĺ೦ҺӴǼȵĸҺc cһһcc׺һccˮǺǣЧرӴʦ
˵ţһ߰ƿһһΪչʾһ߽Һ뵽
ccǿҹ೦;пйӴʦǺǺǣϵرװÿ֪ʲôʦƨšԲй벻Ҫˡٺ٣ʹˣҲԸеӴǰɣʦҲĻʹӻ˹ȥ
Ҳʾҧס´ͫ׶ŹҲˣǿҵͿֲʹҧݵવવ졣
ʲôȻ¡ӣͼӴǻһһ
ٺ٣һʲôӴʦ
ûлشǡֻҧס촽ת˹ȥ
׿վˡ
ٺ٣òι೦淨ӴҪ¼Сǿȱ೦ĻʦһӴ
׿׼Ӱע⵽ӵսš
ڱ˳Ƚ೦𽺹װϣֹ춥ȥ
ҪҪʲô
ӷİŵ弤ҵҡΡʹҲûκΰ취еسȥЪ˹شк
ҲҪ೦У¶೦ֻǹ೦ԡ
ٺ٣ô೦ӴʦõĳͷʹʮᣬҪù೦Ū㡱
Ҳһ߳Цţһ߽ȫ룬ʹ춥ס򣬵ȷȫʱͿʼϵСá
ٺ٣ʦ
ܡҪ
ʼǸĸоʹӴȻһһسſһš
ءҪ
Ͳסؿ˷ĴʹҲƲסӿ
ԣҪء
ٺ٣ôͿʦʹҲӦÿ޳ӴǺǺǣղŵĵȥӴʦ
Ҳһ߳Цţһʹ
ֻǣӺѾҲų⣬ȫһؾؿš
ҲЩûᣬȻרĵĵġһٺſޣĿվй
ٺ٣ʼ೦Ӵʦſްɣζʹࡱ
Ҳݺݵ˵ ߵĹҲ ûУҲʱ˷ܣΪҪĲǹ೦ѣǹ೦֮е𱸡Ҳν佳ɡ
ŶҪµĿֲвϳ塣
ҲҪ೦¾ԲԡȾңӣ
ӻòĳˣҲ׿ζԼʱʲôӣӷ·𿴼һһģͷҲصȥ
ʲôأʦ𣿺ǺǺǣõӴϾͻǵġٺ١
ҲҪ೦Ҫޡ
Ҳſ˹Ŀڣ׿ҲͬʱļĿ
ꡫꡭԵر೦Һʼ˽ȥ
ȣȡҪŽȥˣٷš
ȫסĲؿˡ˵ˣҲǷǳȡ
ܲһس鶯ţ𽺹Ҳҡҷ
ǸĸоĹ೦Աġ
Ҫȡͣ
ȶʹˣʦٺ٣ֻȶѣһҩӷò˵ġ
ԣȵĺ̫ˡޣޡ
ӵͨ죬ȫֱʮֲ԰ס԰ƤҲܿճ
ֻעʮccǹȳѾΪֱı⡣ҺŴףһ̼ȶȴ̼£Եش³Һ壬Ҳȥ졣
Ҫֹסֹסܲˡأܡ
ӳؿţŵҲͣҡΡ޷侲
أҪԣܲˣͣٷŽȥ
ٺ٣ѾʦҪעǿҵļβӴٺ٣ֻǻеʹѣʦ
ӵƨ߶µĲţճ˳ʪĺˮ
ҲվһЦţ鲻ǿӳؿţԹҲ˵첻ˡ
ӣҪѿˡҪô죬ôźãۡ
ٺ٣ʦûõģҪȫעȥСİccƷζָоɣʦ
ʲôС̬̫ˡУҪܲˡҪأܡӴſ
ô󣬹ҲҲ;ͣ㣬ӾٿǣҲԴС
ҪȡֹͣѾٷ롭Ҫٷˡ
ʹ򿪵촽Һһؿʼ
һޱҵˡ״̬˵ҲҸǲӻȥ
ҪҪѿˣѾ
Ҳ׿ֻĬĬЦţ۾עһ޺ӣӵʱǵҲﵽޱȼĳ̶ȡ
ʦʵ̫ǻܲ˵ģٺ٣ǻغú۰ġ
ǺǺǣʦʺϹ೦ŮӴֳ
׿Ҳ̶ãʼҲһŪӵ塣һֵָصظĦһ߶촽ҧ
ǣѾһ㷴ӦҲûˣֻǷƵʹš
Ҫۡأܡ
ӵ岻ŤʹĻҲŷת֨֨졣
ԶԶԽ˽޵ĴֱƺѰųڣǱֹˣôҲֹˣرβǿҵЩ˵ֱǵļ尾
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ȫˮһճҲεδص
Ҫ˭ܾȾҡ
ӵ촽ͣҺմʪգȻذϡ
ٺ٣ôǿҲŮĿӴ
ȫȷǺǺǣʦ൱ӦӴ˭ҧҵ촽ţúõطʡһ°ɡ
׿κ͹ҲӴЦ
ǣܵĥӲûϴֻǴſţǸĻһҲû˵Ը񣬾еһ鷴ɡ
꣬ꡭëȻٴŵĲҲΪһƿ
cc೦Һһβʣıע뵽ӵҲûȥΪע󣬹ھͱҲˡ
ٺ٣һβʣȫȽȥˣʦʦй೦Ǳ
ءܡҾùֵֹġУ
ӿ޺ţҲ˲߳ˡµı⻹ٲϵϮţڵ˵ֻ뾡Ǹʹ
ֱϷһˮմȫͣĲ
ʹӣҪˡС
ǺǺǣӴʦ΢һ¡ĻйʱŻиĿС
ֻǰӹ𽺹ȡȻɿӵĻӱذϣӽ⿪Ǹӿٵذӱϡ
ŶѾѽܣѾˣȣȰҷ
ɲǾǿʦ˵ĻӴٺ٣ڸıһųķ
ʦ
߶²ӣҲ׿δ뵽ԡҡ
׿Σθֵˡ
ҲҪ׿εͷӦˡ
׿ѹ·ԡرϡѾļͦ
ȣϲӿ޺š
ҲʵλãӺ潫Сơ
ٺ٣׿εǸܴ׳һú۰Ӵʦ
˵ţ͵׿档
׿ѵȵòͷ˫ּæӵϣ̶Ŀꡣ
Ҳؽӷµ׿εϥ档
Ŷ̬̬ޡ
ٺ٣ٹһҪſˣʦ
Ǹһӵ⡣׿εľ޴ҲŮ˵ͷ
Ҫء
һһرᴩţҲһسˡ
ȫᴩʱ׿εϡ
ٺ٣оɣʦ
׿һЦһ߽ӵϣʼӵҡ
ѾΪҵ״̬
Ҫɱɴɱҡ
ٺ٣ʦ⇡õŮˣôɱӴ˵ϵȱʯһ󣬺ǺǺǡҪˡʦ
ҲӵĺϸĹ۲ȷ׿ѾȫᴩڸϵĹ׿ε˶Ҳʼ
ҲץסǸ죬İεĿҲٵ˳
ѽҪ
ӺſţѾӵʶȫ޹ˣѹֲסس嶯Ҳһųˡ
ǺǺǣӴʦ
ϸ۲ҲЦˡ׿ҲڿЦ
鲻ɣ«ʦĽӴǲǻԸȫĵͶ롱
׿ҲúȤŲйӣ϶š
ǿұŸУټ׿ιʽĳͽ࣬ѾǸӸйУһиеãȻˡ


4

ӱҲ׿α쵽ʱѾϾŵˡ
ڿµĹ೦֮׿κ͹ҲˣڴˮԡǿƣͲ쳣ס
ϴűʵȹ·ʮֱŤҲǴֱرŪҪɢˡ
ҲִӺȹ°ڣŪ¶ƨɡӵĸﻹһҡǸ
ǺǺǣ΢ıһգúõ߰ʦ
Ҳһòţһ޳ܵ˵ûдֹͣӸŵŪ·һԶ巳¡
ڡӴҡ
ʹ㲻ͬ⣬ҲҪȥơƣʦٺ٣ͷûнӴ
УҪ۸ҡԡ
˵ʱӸееġһֱ£ʲôҲû³
ǿҹ೦ĺ֢һֱĲͣңӦѾʼʧеˮˣⶼԵϳ塣
ѾͶʦǺǺǣʦڻϢӴôõƨɣھͽ̫ϧˡ
׿ȥۻơơҲཹཱུһߺţһ߼ҡ
ҪУ׿
ԹĿ׿ε
ʲôӴڿʦǺǺǡ׿ϷŪʵ
˺þãӲСĵ˵󡭡ҡжˡˣܱܲپ
Ƕȫ
ͻȻҲЦ
˵ЦӴʦӲ
Ҳò
ѽ׿󡭡򡭡һ˿
׹ҲһˡȥҲ岻ǣ׿ƺûйҲô̬ʱ׿Ρ
׿ֻĬĬЦš
ʦǮɵģǺǺǣҪʦӴҪǮʱ򣬻ʦӴٺ٣ĻҪҲ⡱
׿εĻش
ӾԼж̫ˡûиĶĥŮ˶еϲõ쳣ߡ
ӵ˳
ʦƨɵŮˣôķ֣ǲӴٺٺ٣Щͷúýܳͷ«ʦҲɶЦˡ
˳վǰķֵϡӵԻ󣬲סĻͷ
Ȼ˷ֹҲӵȹûһ˸еԾһ֪Ҳ׿å˭Ҳȥ鷳
úӱһͬͷһҾƹݣǴ֯Ӫľƹա
ĸò׶ĿˣǱߺžƱֽơ
ӭ٣ŶԭǹҲϴ׿ϴ󡭡ʵǶƽʱĹաò׶ľưдԱͷǺţֽƵҲǴк
ҵһ뼯ϡһ˼ֱӵסˣֽƴû
ӼֱҪȥµ嶼Ӳˡ
Ҳ׿λϡ
ôʦȻվţ׿ξֵʵ
ֻǵͷȫ߶²š
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ٺ٣Ҳһͷơ֮ᣬ׿ʵ
ҲȻŮ˵ĸţһر⡣ϰߣǰȤԹҲһֱûؽΪˣҲĥӣ׿ζʮָȤ
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СӣڸʲôⲻСÿĶ׿ŭš
ͻȻعˣæŵ̧
ԲϴŮʵ̫ˣ֪͡ԭҰɡ
˺µõͷ
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׿Σȵȡᣬе桱Ҳֹ˻ŭ׿Ρ
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ҲòӵĸţΪԤץסӵĺڷ
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ӵĸÿӵ̤ϣҲ˶۵ơһƨɼҪȹ¶ǻȵ̼
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ҲЦŴӺؾӵȹӡ
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ѽ𿴣ĵطŶҪ
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Ļỵ𣿺ǺǺǣҪԲ֪ӴҪǻȻֹͣġΪǳͷԻҪŪι೦Ӵ«ʦҲ೦Ϊ˼󱭵ơƣԵرء
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ղŵĹ೦ѾʹһơƼش̼ҷӦ
ٺ٣ĸоɣ«ʦڶι೦ܡĽĿʹǶ˷Ľ
ҲоȤһע롣ӳųһǧccơƣΧҲʼðݡǸһҲ⣬Ȼűá
Ʀåǵһο೦Ѿˮˣסӵǰ棬ͬʱϷ
ٺ٣úõؿӴŮҪķ谮ġҪŮ˵ƨɿףֻйʸ˲ѱġ
ĿţǲѾˡٺ٣Һرơơ˵ţյĴơƱҲ׿ӴЦ
ƦåǿʼȿֺơƱرơӴǸ
ѽҪˣܡ
ʹ࣬ӵճͫ׿ʼÿնʶҲ
öġ
ǿҵıҲ˵һڶεĹ೦죬ֱȫܵʹࡣ
أҪܣ
ôˣٺ٣ơƺˡơȫעܱ˳
ƦåſյĴơƱӵĸǰӵš
ⳡĹ೦ƦåǵԵ͹ֺⷢ¹Ҳ׿Σ˭ҲȥֻоԼƦåǵ۾ȫ򽹼Ѫ
йơơַ׷սơƱ
ӵĿ
ѽСĿͬʱơƴӵĸűų
ţƦåӿ뺰Ƶ
ơ͵һðݣһ߱ųơƱӵĸʢʻһң㽶Ŀ˳
һĻӿ˻
ǲϱųơƣȫˮ峺ǴйٱųҺ塣
Ҫ
ϵĳء̫ٺ١
ˣζ뿴ųĵطϴ
ÿ˶˷˵ĺţƦåǹЦң۾סйӡ
ơвӵҺһų
׿ξŵ˴ơƱ
ٺ٣漤ҡʲôʦ
׿οơƱҺЦֻǼҵʹš
Ҳ׿Ʀåųơƣһɱˡ
ʹǷǳȣųĶ岻ͬˡ漴ཹźȥ
ٺ٣̫ʦζ˽ȥ
ҲЦˡ
ٺ٣Ǻȵرơƣǲʱ൱ˣǺǺǣôľΪ鹤ɡҲ˵˵
ע⵽֪ʲôʱ򣬵ƦåظĦӵƨ
Сӣڸʲôᡣûռ𣿡
ģ硱
׿εŭŪƨɵĵƦåǶŵ֡
ǿɶСӡչѾˡҪˣϿ춼߰ɡ
׿òݿܵ
ƦåɲǼ¶ʧı飬׿εֲΥǿǿĶˡ
ٺ٣ʮӦӴʦ
ӼȾֲ԰׵ųơƺ󲻶ϲƨɣ׿Цˡ
΢Ҫ׿š
ϢӴʦҺ׿Σغơƣٺ٣«ʦ
ҲյĲ೦ʼơơ
ҪӴ


5

ڶաʱ׿κ͹ҲѾ뿪Ƕӽ˺öι೦ݺݵŪ㣬Ҳ֪ȥ
Ӿڴţûȫһ壬صط롣
Ѿһʹı⣬Ҹеʮֶġ
ѾʲôŲֻб⻹šһأֻ͡
೦ͲɢڴΧ
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ôҲ˯šò˯ˣϮӡ
һؿһЦһù೦ƽĹҲ׿Σľת
̱ѣ֮ͷȫˮʪܵġ
ѽӣҪźáÿκ۾͡
ǣӣĬĬᡣǿҲѾȫ
뵽ڳվǰľƹݺԼĹԢҲѾ֪巳༸Ϊӹ
˵೦Ŀ־壬ǱŪȻûʹ裬ԼҲе˼顣ֻͲ
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ӾŵĻͷȥ
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׿αƽӣסӳЦ
Ҫ˵СӴҵѾȵòͷˡǺǺǣйεĻǲƽϢģٺ١
ٺ٣Ǻúõ۰ɡòգûʲô£ǺǺǣһܼįɣʦ۰Ӵ
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ٺ٣ʽܺõӴʦֱŮһǺǺǣһܡ׿һ߷΢ӵ鷿ϲãһָЮŪ鷿
ݣȴ൱Ǿ鷿ĸо°Եøˡ
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ءҪӵĿü
ͻȻֱһȫͣŤ
Ҫ
Ӹ߳˲䣬Ҳ׼Ǹ˲䣬һж˹೦ıá




 ½ʦı

1

Ϊϰĸ߷ڣʿһĿȡ
ھ׿κ͹ҲǰסһﱧŽϵľɫǴʶ״̬е񾭶ڱȹϣ΢΢ظĦ°˵ÿ糿ᱻ׿κ͹Ҳڰʿ硣
׿ЦţظĦӵ¸Ūزλͷңָҡš
ͻȻ׿Σʲôû˵Ҳǲ뱻ĳ˿ͷְɡ
ǺǺǣ۰ӴʦڰʿϱǼȾִ̼
׿һӵĶߵ˽һߵЦ
ҲҪʦƨɿӴĹҲҲ˽
Ҳʹõһÿ糿شĶȴһһĴ֣ĸָǰϸĲ
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Сɵıȴʼ鶯ſ촽Ҳ˻ȵĺ
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ѽ̫ˡ󣬿㡭
ӵİƨѹţҲҵĿϾҪˣȻǿŴȵҡƨɣš
ǺǺǣоɡʦʮֿɰء
׿ָͷԼʼǿӡֱ϶ӹ
ѽʹ࣬ԵĻڲһеؿ޺
ٺ٣ʦģǰɡ
ҪѽҪ
Ӹеȫȣ̲סطڳݲİҲʼһؿơʱӣѾԼְԱõĲ
̧һֻŵĹҲ񷢳˸һ
˲𰡡Ҳ۾һҲ뿪ٺ٣˵˵ϲǰɣʦ׿οڽǸط˵
ʦӴļܺáʹ÷Ѿ
ٺ٣ȻЩŮ˻΢㡣нٺ٣ֻΪʲôܲӶأʦң׿϶ͬʱ
²ԡšΪ׿ξ޴ᴩţ񱻲һŸСȴԾɱǿҪżҡ
ǲˣʦ׿ţӱӵ
ӵѾ׿ε˵ϰʵǴŪӡ
Ͽ׿һŭˣŬѹߵҧݡ
Գ̬ƣ׿Ρ׿Ǹ£ס
ðӴʦǸΡǿҪ߳һţ׿һ߸ͷʹԼ
ѽԡ
ͣšҪӶ
ġȥˡӵòˣҲʼǽϵ˫Ҳš
Ҫ߳һֱϸ۲ĹҲ˵ڵΡ
ٺ٣оɡվϰǼƷʯ׿θ̾СѨǿֻ޶Ͻȥһ
ǳĶٺ٣⻹ǸǿʦȫǴԶҲץס׾һЦţһ߿ǰһС
ǺǺǣ쿴ܼįӴɡٺ٣ҧ޴¿ɱӴôĻҿǻݺݳͷġ˵ţҲץסӵĺڷԼߡΪԷһȡСӵĲϡҲбҧ촽ʹྭ
úõĸǧҧӴ˵ţǳСĵؽӵ촽
أȡһ߲סؿԣһ߿ʼʹȫҡ
ȷûҧԺ󣬹Ҳʼ
׿ҲӼҵعӡ
Ľʹе
Ҫʹ࡭
汻סֱӵͷ񱻽һﲻϷ˫ҲԾؽסҲѾڻֵıС
ǺǺǣ쵽ʱͣҲ׿ЦŻһۣȻʼɾӷҵĹ
ٺ٣ͬʱ侫ɣ׿Ρ˵ţ׿κ͹Ҳͬʱֱǰ˶ӵĿںСѨﲻͣĽš
Ҫһؿ޺ţֱ絽һͻȻȻ׿κ͹Ҳ¸ҡ
Ҫԡ
ȫӵ˲䣬ӴȥƣȫиǶˡ
˫ۣڴϢӣ׿κ͹ҲЦˡ
ˣʦղ൱Ӵ
ٺ٣Ҳȫ㣬ʦӴ
ҲڳԼ֮̽쵽ӵĸţָʼͻȻţһӾˡ
ѽҪ¶ˡѾ侫ôӳ˵ַŮ˵ı˳ʧȥ˷ʶ
ôʦڿų
׿δӺ汧ѾƣӣʹСơ͵档
ǲйӴʦȥ̫Ļǻᵣĵģٺ١
ҲȥϸţȻָӵĸš
ٺ٣棬㶼ʦҸ
·Ǹһӵʹţ߶¿ʼǸԽͽ޵ı⣬ٴδֱسճˢһ³ˮ״

뷢ӵĸѾˣʢһؿʼҵ޷šҲæŵָ
ѽѾˡ𿴡
µйʼˡ
йܵĻϣʹ౻ŵĸооƶƮһҵĺţѾںҲˡ
Ǻǣʲôʱ򿴣ʦҼѡ˶ûпɣʦ˲ŮˡҲһƴţһЦˡ
йѾˣŵӲû˱⿪
ѾǵҪ󡭡ǲǿԡڴϢӷ˿
վǰ׿κ͹ҲȴͬʱȥֻǿǻִŪӵ°ظĦš
ٺ٣ķѾ൱ӴﲻҪ󣬻бҪϰһء
һʱ䣬ϰɣٺ٣ƾ塣Ͼܼġ
׿κ͹ҲһЦһȡֱӵСѨ͸˽ȥǶһɲӣһǿ񶯵ġ
͵ӣɫʼ˱仯
ŶáĶԡ
ٺ٣ǲǺӴ벻ģʦ
ô«ʦٺ٣ɡ
׿νѹزλͷҲȴӵĸ￪ʼС͵͡
Ŷԡ
ɸŵʦٺ٣طŽȥ
¡УС
ǰʼһһرᴩҲʼӦĸϵĲһ㷴Ҳûˣֻ˫סܶ˵Ϊ
ͱȥԺȡӲ棬ӵʵӵĴ֮ͨǸӣˡ
ôϵϿӴͲõͻӴٺ١
ҪһأҪ
һȹӣ׿κ͹ҲһЦˡȹ棬ӵǰֹͣ͵ĿУıѧϿأͺ졣
һҪȫӴʦ׿δȹһӵƨɣȻ˵
Ŷᡭȡȡ
ǿɲӴʦ̾ѧҪղѾ߹˰ɡ
׿ͻȻңؿء˵һʼ
ѽ
æŵشȹȸסƨɡ
Ҫֹסֹס
ӴĻȻͻͣӴٺ٣«ʦ
ֹס
ӿʼ°ͶȻ׿˵˶ֹͣˡ
ǣ΢Ļֿʼ
˰ɡٺ٣Ҫֹס˶ʦҪӴ
ġŶ̬̫ˣӿ°һҲҼС΢ЩĻ𶯾Ϯ
Ҫһ졣
ȡӴȡһ͡Ǻǣ
ʦ
һǻġٺ٣ôѧءȥҰɡ
ǴӵƨɣְԱõĲ˳֮׿κ͹ҲЦ


2

ϾҪû޵ԭҲǲ뱻ѧǷְɣֻǿ˽̨ǣȫ񾭶ڱ͵°ôҲ޷Ͷ뵽
ǰϿѧУܴ׿κ͹Ҳӿʱ䣬ڲͬˡصѧУӵ͡˵ǴϰϿʱҲͣӶ׿κ͹Ҳ쳣е¡
ٺ٣һͣһѾΪԶٺ٣ūʦ
׿˵ЦףѾöθ֪ѾܣԼˡڽεʱ򣬺öηͬʱҲͻżȻķ°ÿǸʱ𶯶ʹסȥ
һӹʮ
ӻصʱ׿κ͹Ҳ塢Ѻžơǿȥȫå
ӺµϱɫҲȴץס˴ӳȥӡ
ٺ٣£Ӵʦǵѡ
ôŶӱӴҡ̺;ƵζƯš
һӴ˸еԾ
åǿϽӣԾȵһơƶˡ
ôŮ˲ɣٺ٣ѧУʦء׿ν˵
ǵ̶еӵϡԵȥ
åʱεˣǰΧӡѾӵסһ
żӴʦǲܵġٺ٣ʵʵĴš
ҲסҪǣץסӵӡ
ʦרŸΪɫ¼ҵģٺ٣ʦӴ
ô·ļźÿƬӴٺ١Ҳ׿βݾܾ˵
㡭ɫ¼ʼ԰ףҲˡ
ᡭ²ԡ
µ˵ʲôӴƬӦѾϰΪٺ٣ҹʽ㡱
ҪᱻƬ󡣲ԡӴˡǹҲûܣ̾סӵӡ
·ǿ壬ʦĥĥġ
¡̬Ҳ߳ܵ¡ʹҡͷ˵
åȴʼӰ׼׼豸׼ų
ǵĲáʹ뵽ӰӰֳ
׼ʼһåͷ˵
׿Цվ͹Ҳһץסӡ
·ɣʦӰʼѰҽǶȵʱ򣬹Ҳ׿ӵȹ
ƬŶ
ȹ·Ҳ¶ȹ°۵ļ
׿κ͹ҲȥŪ㽫ӵϵ档
ٺ٣ǲǱϿˣȤ
ôĵŮˡ̶ֳҲܺãƤҲף̫˼ˡ
׿κ͹ҲȻܵõôõŮˡٺ٣һĳõƬåƵسţͬʱҲ˺һ߰¿ţһ˷ܵ
˿ʼӵ塣
Ƭߵ̲ס
Ŷѽֹֹͣͣ㡭
׿κ͹ҲֱƴŤţڼƲͣҫţҲı任Ƕȡ
ٺ٣̫ϵı˷ܡҶ׼ɥ
ִ𡭡ԣ΢ָȥåһҪŸֶһ˺ӵΧת
ٺ٣Ů˵ĽҶӴҪҪĵط
ٺ٣˰ɣʦôҶӴ
ˡ˵ҪĺÿƬġ׿κ͹ҲЦŽӵŪڵذ棬ʹƨɽڵذ档
Ҫԡ
ͷӴʦٺ٣ڿڱء˵ţ׿ɫĵӵźһȻҽźҲϵһӵķҲһ
ֹֹͣͣӰţ׿κ͹Ҳȴʼӣʹӵһʼſ
ѽֹͣҪ
ӱ߿ޱ߿šǣӵ˫ֺȴȻҴšͬʱӽӽȵڲࡣ
ã׽յ÷ǳѷ졣ΪëѾԵʣĿ棬ⷴԽе߳
׿κ͹ҲӣͷӵΧϡһӾôҲܺš
𿴣ŶѽӺߵĺ
ˡ
Ť巴ȴͻȻʧİͷȥŽϸͦͣĲſţ°Сˣȥֿʼҵ𶯡
ٺ٣൱أʦ϶аߵˡ
ȡ¿Ҫ͵ĵطӴʦ
Ҳ׿οʼȥ˵𶯸ͣ
Ҫ⡭
ٺ٣ôϲʦӰܰɡ
Ҫ˵޻
ѷ촦ĵȡʱӷ˸İ
ٺ٣ǲǸоһ͵ζ
߳һ뷨Ӵ˸š
˵׿κ͹Ҳֱַסǰͣذγ
ѽŶ𶯡
ʱҫ
ӵҲΪļ䱻Եʣγ󣬿ڲٴγ뵽
ٺ٣ðӴ뾡ܰɡ
ôַʦĵطӴӰٺ١
׿κ͹ҲһЦţһ߿ʼӡ
ѽֹͣҪ
ʱĽǶȿʼ̧ߣµƣѾؿҲ˲ϱ顣
ͨͷӵˣȴ޶ǲͣŵİɫ塢ҵķƨɡԼ·һ⡭־ĳĽһǳһƷ
ôõŮˡӵĻƬһ߼ۣһܳģ
åǶηͬʱת
׿κ͹ҲǶνλҪÿӱҪ桢棬ϲĹ塣
ӷѾǰͬǲؿ
ڣƱ׿εϥ棬ͬʱϲŪ塣
׿˫ӵϣزš
ѽҪ
͵ıλӴʦǺǺǣҪָӴһ۰ġ
׿̧ӵһֻţҲץסѹʹӵ鷿ʼͬʱ׿ǰ򷴷Ųӵ塣ĻӾ׿εľ޴ת׿౧޽ӡ
ѽҪ
ٺ٣ƯƣʦûҪǺѵġ
׿һ߼ҵҡһЦ˵
˻ܸıλӼֱ޷׿ξȻΪ׿ֿʼĳ
ҪҪȥˡ
ӵĿѾĵ̰һԼŤ߶µĻ鷿ܿĳŮ˵ԡ
Ѿ
ǺǺǣӴʦҪұһ£һûֹͣأǺǺǣһ߳ɡ
׿һ˵һļҡ
׿ΣǸվɡǺǺǣҪᴩĵطӴ˵꣬׿һЦһ䱧ӵվ
ѽҪ
ôںٺ٣ʦԽᣬĳĵƬԽӴ
Ӻ׿ӵıʹ뵽ڻ
ΪվŴӺ汻ַӵǰǻӵϸۿ
ŶƬŶѽҪ
Уƻڲͣҫӵĺ׿϶˶£ѾΪߵİ
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ĿƳ̶ȿȥܼҡ
Ҫ
ӵţ¶ֵı飬ȫȥ
ٺ٣ôʦҪĸо
ءҪ
ѾûлشľҲʼϵ졣
ʦҲȫϲӴٺ٣ǵһΣô
׿Ȼһͦ
Ҫ
ֱһȻҲڷŪһ졣
ѽҪţŤţ岻ϵľΣ׵˾
֮ѾƣƵſذ棬һһֻǣ鷿¸ڲͣ䶯ţʾšȻǴţϵľҲûˡ˵ˣǴĺˮȥͿһҫš
ҲΪӰһˣǰΧһӣͬʱʼơơ
ǺŮˣӰо˷ܵŮ˻ǵһ׿κ͹ҲסŮˡ
ٺ٣̶ֳãĵıҲܵλ̫˷ˡ
Ҳܲأٺ١åȫӵȻ
һߺơƣһŪӵ壬صĸĦǣʲôӦûС
ٺ٣ڵӴʱյĻһһϵȱʯǺǺǣʱͻпˡҲ˵
Ϊɫ¼רҵʿӣҲ׿αӶ
ΪƷŮˣسǲġΪˣٿԲϽӵСǸǲֵصظĦһӡ
á
οԿָͷŪﾡ򿪰ɣҿޡ˵
ɫƬ¿ʼˡ
׿κ͹ҲȽӰסȻŵŴ򿪣һֱ̧棬ӶﴹùסšҲϲĿӱ¶ĸš
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Ҳָ쵽ӵĿ֮ʱϺµſ˫ۡ
ѽѾԡ
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Ѿ˽㣬Ŀͣôʱ䣬ֻΪһŮӰǵһΡ
ѽѾҪ
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ѽﲻСͬʱӵ͵ŶͣĲ
ҲһŰŮ˵Ļ٣һָ߽ȫӵĸ׿ҲǰҲһؿʼ鷿촽Ĳӡ
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ʱӾµԨһƻڲͣҫţҲ֪ӰҪʲôʱܽһжڼš
ڶ죬һڽϿΣһ߿ܵ¡
׿κ͹Ҳͷе𣿿µÿ춼󡣲գһǺߵƬҲõĽпҪȡˣ飬Ƕ˶ǿҪȥ˵ˡԼ֪ܣ벻Ӳˡ
׿κ͹ҲܵĻȥһԶ
ǣǵһǸʱѾ͵أӽסͷԿʼ֪ôźá
¿ԺӴȽͷϵĹǣܼܲо񣬶ѻɽļôҲ١¡µ׿κ͹Ҳ£ԼԺˡЩһвͣת
֪ʲôʱְԱֻʣ̵ζˡ
«ʦڻĹأҪϧԼ壬ۻˡ̵οŶѻɽļ˵ͬʱ̵ֿʼˡ
Щڽ֮ǰҪġ̵ε䵭ػش
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Ѿˣ벻Ҫ˵ֻҵ²Ҫ㵣ġľ̵ܾξݡ
ߵýʶһԡǣȴͣĲš뵽Լ̵ú۹⿴ţоͻ᲻ϳ塣ѵ˸Ҳ׿Ρ뵽ֲҲʼϳˡ
Ȼ̵α䵭ضԴ̵εƺЦ⡣
ʱ򣬵绰
«ʦе绰ӴǺǺǡ
ͻȻվѵǹҲµԤʹӷսսͲ绰ǹҲġ
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ŶֻǸԡû̵ҲڳӴš
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УΪǵһӴչʾ壬ֻҪŪɡٺ٣ĥĥĻǻϹȥġȫǲݷļ˵Ļȥӿ뵽뵽ʹĺ˫ۣסͲˡ
ҲС˵Ѿ¶塱˵꣬Ҳж˵绰
ȴҧס´ͷ
«ʦǺǺǡ̵οһ߿Уҵţһ˵ȻȽ档
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̵οҪĿˡҲҪúΪ«ʦ
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̵οĸ߼SMֲԱȫʸĿˡ
ζԡӴôҲ޷˸ıԸԽᣬԽеˡ
ٺ٣Ӵǣٺ٣ڸSMֲĿˣһҪرġ
Ӵҵر󣬺ǺǺǡ
̵Ѿ׿ṩʮԪŮǮȫΪĶȴڸ׿κ͹Ҳ򹤡
ڼ䣬ҲУ潫ӷŵҽ
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ҲִӶ˹೦ĲװһǧccҺ壬𽺹ëȻĴĵϡǸӣʹİ
ԣŶҲҪ೦
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Ҫޡ̵ľٶе裬Ҳ൱ɣӿʼ޺
ãҲӵĸų𽺹ǰͷĹ졣ӵĸѾý⿪ˣżûһ㷴ؽ˹졣
Ҫѽ١롱
ʮңӵƨҲʼ߶µĲ
ʱ̵νŵ˿ڿˮӵڼҵķѾƫӣֻõҽ֧壬ڿƮһǸƨϣβһ𽺹Ƕû޵ˡ
ŶҪ೦ԡ
Ӿ壬㼸Ҫذϡ̵ϸĹ۲ţ·Ŀø˷ܡ
ٺ٣ôǲǿԷŽȥˣƷζɣʦ
ҪԡӲϽкţһֻҲͣĻ衣ͬʱ𽺹ܵ˨Ҳˡ
Žȥ޺ͬʱŤƨɷĹ೦Һȴʱֱͬһһ˽ȥҪܳʱȫע롣
׿һסӵϰһߴȥ촽
Ҳ̵һִֻëʣǸȥذӡ
ǽ̵ӵĴڲ࣬۲زλͷҿʼڲĸΧʹë軭
Ҫ
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̵򽫱ʼ뵽زλͷزͣתš
ǺǺǣôĿӴ«ʦǾǿϣõ
ءᡭӵѾͬʱϵ
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ǺǺǣ̵ε鲻Ӵʦƨɿ׺ء
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ǺǺǣôǲǿԶ«ʦƨɸءѾע֮һӴϢһ°ɡ
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ŻҪʲôСİӵĸŽխˡ
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ҪӷѾ˻ƵĿͬʱͷһǧc cĲճccĿ̶ȡ
ѽ󡭡ķ룬Ūꡭӿ˵Ѿˡ
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ŪŮˣʮȷʵܱˡӦþ顣
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óʦͷųɣٺ١
Ҳָһ߸ӵĸܱߣһ߹۲עΡӵĸҲ鶯šţǱ̵ŪزλϣҲʼճĹ֭
ҪŪꡭУĵġѽ
ٺ٣«ʦҪٴߴŪĻ̼ٵӴٺ٣ҪֱעСҲ׹೦ĺôһЦţһ΢ſ𽺹ܵ˨
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ѽҪǻʹ˽ʹ뵽ֵﶥǱҽҲ߶»š
ӿˡǸ΢ͬз·Щ˷ܡ
ٺ٣˵ÿעһӴҪżܼأʦ
Ҫӵϼֱַһı飬ʹšǱڱϣӻʾԽ̵ָķӦǾǹֵ֭˳
ٺ٣ôʦôһʹ˵ġ
ҲеȤ𽺹ܵ˨Һÿζ϶ʱӵ񱻹Ҳһر
ҪֹͣŪꡱ
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Ѿһ󵽴ֱıϮӵĶҲ
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ٺ٣Ӵһٺ٣ҲǺöʦʹҺءҲ˵
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ǺǺǣccҪǺǺǡʦʹһҲʹ࣬ɢɡ
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ٺ٣УҶﴹµĹԭڴˣҪһ߹೦һɢڹ೦Ե«ʦ˵Ǻܺ
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ϿӴĻ֪һ˭ͽˣٺ١
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ǣҲ׿β̵ؽӴУҸȡҪ΢վסҲϻ᲻עҺ
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ߵͨݶ̨ʱӶԸڹ΢仯ʼеʣſ촽ס΢ȥ
ÿ̧̨׵ʱ򣬹춼ᶯҺʱ롣Ƿƨϣβһ𽺹Ҳ΢΢ÿǸʱ򣬽̵ζ˷ܵĺ죬۾Ҳȫ
üʵ̫ƯȻӵôõ壬«ʦ̵βͣʱ򣬻ظĦӵƨɡ
ᡭлӰġ
΢ʱͻȻˡΪ೦ƨ˵ۡ
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ǺǺǣһ߱೦һУڱߣ«ʦһҲʦӴ
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Сôѽͣ
һ̨ϱߣһʹó


3

ݶϾĵأѾȾϦϼӵϦӳ£Խޡ
ٺ٣һ߳Ϧһ߱೦ʦһҲƯȥɡ
Ҳ߸ߵؾ˲ĸҺһעȥ
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ٺ٣ϲ೦ɣ«ʦһǧccȫȽȥҲЦˣ˴սЦ
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ҲγʱӵĸŽխˡͬʱڿŵĽ̵η˿Ц
ǺǺǡƨɵĿӴɲǽʦ«ʦĳЦʹӿǸ˫˸һĽ̵ǰ೦һֱйͿֲһĿ
ĸͣţʾʹ;ΡǿҵıϮ
ѽȥСӿţͣϢȻײȥӳ˿Ҳûбİ취Ϊڽ̵εǰ£˵Ǽֱǿµй룬ϾҪȥ衣
ҡڲڲڽ̵ǰߵ£ӿధšǣҲ׿ֻǳЦ
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ҲӵĸŴֱؼ𽺰Ǹ˨ס˸š
ѽҪۡĿʹӵƨɶ߶²ֱصı⣬ʹӵԽ԰ףճ
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ٺ٣̵ΣҪֻǿţŽȥҲԡôߵļǮҪġ
׿ΣѹáҺܵİٺ٣µġĴ󵨵ȥɡ
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׿οʼߴٽ̵Ρǣ̵ֻĬĬЦҡͷ
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ٺ٣ڿַʱӴ٣Ǯķϣ̵ο⴦ҪĻʹ
׿̵εס͡ĿĴ̵ִ͡ΣǸĴСҲüͷԥؿ׿κ͹Ҳ
ٺ٣ʹáӵŮˡͨĶôܹ㡱
ܲҪ̵εıٺ٣ʲôصġʦǱ׿ε̹Ӵ
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Ǹ˲䣬ӷʹİƨɲͣĲ˦塣
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ҲоԼȵòͷһزǸǣӷŰš

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ѽҪŮ˵İſôҧݣǴӺͷ˳
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ڻճĺˮҫŮϦϼ޵ķ


4

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ȻƴҪд֣дֻǺС
ƨҲ֮ǰڰд֡
ܺӴʦʦ
ǺǺǣƨɿд֣˲«ʦƨдְɡ׿κͽ̵˵
ãҲȫдɡ
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ӴϿƨɡҲݺݵ˵
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ߵĹҲȻ鴫ҲдΣ೦дˣ೦ʱ򣬱̵ķ۱ӵĸ
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ŪӴϴ¿ں죬ǲǷ۱أٺ٣ƨû취
ʲôġ
۱ʲô򵥵سɡѵҪ೦Ӻ
ŪӴʦ
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ǺǺǣǸ뽻ҰɡǵһΣҺָŽ«ʦĸһ°
Ӵ̵Ρǿˣҹ«ʦѾϲô󵨵ɡҲ˵̵꣬εָӵĸš༷֮󣬽̵νָطᴩӵĸš
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ѽ̵ʦֹͣᡭ
Ӹе߳ܺᣬ԰׵ʼҲΪԷǽ̵ΣҲԽ̵͡ѾȫҲлˣָȫ˽ȥ
ȡŮ˵ĸôôȣָҪܻˣǺǺǡ
̵˷ܵؽкšΪǵһνָŮ˵ĸš
յúܽǺǺǣ˲𣡡һָĴ̵һ߿Цˡ
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ѽСӴԽͽ޵ıѾ޷ֹͣرųƿ
ۣˣӴǺǺǣų۱«ʦ
ֻǣ̵γЦڵѾ




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1

ӳ׿μʻĳʻҹĽϡʱǽʮҡ
һձʽƼҵǰͣи߼ձʽƼҵģǡ顱
ʱ׿κ͹Ҳ̵
ٺ٣ҹúõ«ʦɡ
׿δͷİ󡣵һԺϾͿͷܻе͹೦ȡ֮Ů˵СһӦȫ
֮ǰ«ʦ˵κ¶԰ɣǺǺǡ
ٺ٣ô⵱ԼǸԺһӴ˵ţ׿κ͹ҲЦ˳ȥ
ֻʣӺͽ̵Σ̵ҲȲؽӵ塣Ӵʱ֣һ˿ĳš
ǺǺǣ«ʦڿԺ㵥ദˡҹĿˣҳƷζӴ˵¶ǵĻ̵εЦ
ҧס´ͷ̵ڡţĸоʹͬʱתȥͷ޾ߡ
󣬽̵ʦ¡ԡСš
ȻôҲͽ͵ģ˿ûбİ취
ǺǺǣ˵ʲôӴ«ʦӵƯϣ۰ءǺǺǣ˵尡
̵δӺӵ鷿ץЦΪַûȤҪȲ༷鷿û뵽ǣͷȴϺӲؾ
ǺǺǣôа«ʦ˵ԣͷȴѾôӴ
̵һЮӵͷһԡҡձʽƼҵԡǷǳģ׿κ͹ҲƼҪʹһ¡
һԡң̵ξĿˡϯĿȣһǽȫǾӡ͵ľȶСѵǮ˹ʹŮͷʹСϣֻҪʹŮ˿ϣʲôҵ
Ǻǣȫǿʵķ䰡ȫʹ«ʦ˵ÿҪĶأĽôǺǺǣҪֵҹӴ«ʦ
ģĵطŶ
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ŶԡѾ
ûӵİ󣬽̵αӾͽԡء
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ΪԡҲȸָװáԽ̵˳ؽӵҽŹ̶ԡصײϣȻֽӶﴹµϵӵϡ
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ǺǺǣſӴȫӰɡ
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ȻѾо׼ǣֻн̵κԼ߳ܡӶвͣš
Ŷ̵εõ塭ŶԵġ
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ʵӵͿʼˣֲϸűָĴ忪ʼÿ
ʱ̵οʼЮӵĻˡĿҲԽ¶ĿղŷʱĿƲָͬزλͷʱһĴҲʾ˳
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ǺǺǣ൱أ«ʦǣһҪܻӴ˵ţ̵δԡسˣӷŵľǰ
νľԲľͷϼ˼ֻľţȴŮ˵ƨɳĵطֿͨԴֱͨȥԴŪź
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ŵľϵĸоᣬӽסӶѾû취ˡΪ̵ΪʹӲܴľϻ䣬ӵֵͷϡ
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Ϊ֮ǰԼе˷Ӧӷǳ¡
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ǺǺǣ׻ǿ޺ˡ«ʦûиطء
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޵ʱںӴǺǺǣװе綯һʹ泩Ӵ«ʦ
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̵ëʣεıʺֳܴƺëھгֽʪˢһӵͷϡ
ѽҪ
ǰɣǺǺǣĽ
ëվƺӵ鷿鷿ӵΧҲܵ˹ëĵطֻʲôճһ
þƿ«ʦζһζɡ
ǺǺǡ
ëԺھƵԵʣӵƤֻճԵùˣ̵ͻȻ촽ƴͷת
ʲôġֹֹͣͣҪ
ǸĴʹȫ̵ε˱ֱˮһʹе䡣
̵ε촽ͷͷˡǸ˶ȫ̽Ů˵Ĺܵİ䷳غöʹУ֮ת
ζôܺõľƻǵһκӴ«ʦǺǺǡ
ʱ촽ӵȻԽǿҵš̵ε촽ͷб仯ֱһһϸĵϮ£Ҳ˷Ӧ
Ŷˡ
ǺǺǣӷſɣȼԼӴʹҲͶҵĻءճ촽̵οЦˡ
Ц֮ٴ촽˱ӡëҲ긽
սˡ
ȻһأâȷʵƶšǶ긽ûһˡ
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ŶҪѽ
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ӵ৵һŤšΪӹâĹ׷ֻҡҷ
̵ε۾ѾѪûдֹͣ˼ƵƺϺĨͿһëʡ
ֻɡޣޡӷذƨҲϸ߸ߵ
ëʵĴʹëȻе񾭼һ㣬һȡ
ǣ̵εŪŮ˵Ҳëʡ
ио˰ɣǺǣ«ʦرԸëʵذӴǺǺǡ
˵ţ̵ͻȻֻճ촽ëȻĴӷεİͬʱ
Ҳ֨ͣҡҷš
أģġҪ
̵Ů˵ҪλͷҪһһζƵĲСౡŮ˻ٵ
ֹͣѾŶԡӱ߿ޱ߿󡣵ô󣬽̵ε촽ǲͣţһҲû뿪
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ѽ١
촽ͷ˶ţӼʹᣬоǿʼ顣һεĻôҲֹס
УУӴѽȾҡ
ѾתΪԼսǰŪţÿԼӦʱеľԶһƵġ
ҧ˫ۡǣ廹ڲͣر̼һĴһһƵġ΢ĻӶˢһ¿Ҫʧˡ
Ҳ̵Ҳ֪ˣƴŮ˵Ļ٣౵ʼͷǰͷת
ѽġҪءӵıҿʼɪɪоҪڻÿʼˮˡӵҲʧȥ˵ֿ
ǺǺǣˣõء«ʦ̵Ц˵ʼŮ˵Ĺ֭
ѽ
Ӵζζܺأ«ʦ͡ǺǺǣٶЩɡ̵εͷ
ڷ˸˵һ壬ͲסƵĿʼ
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ѽʹ࡭̵ʦԡͨϴϢţ촽Ҳѹش򿪣³ȵĺ
̵̧ڽ̵ε촽ھƺŮ˵Ĺ֭ճġ
«ʦȫأǺǺǣôܻҪԳ𣿺ǺǺǡ
̵Ӹ׷˵һ˵ţ۾һ߿ӵĴ֮䡣ΪڿϮӣ̵˷ܵȫ
ڶûַӣΪҲӭ˲䡣زλͷҲǵȴű̵ιᴩһشš
ǺǺǣǳʵĴӴȫƯؿˡҹһʹ«ʦ˵ġ
һο֮󣬽̵壬ѹ档˵Ҳϧ㵢˼չʱ䡣
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ڵϡǾ仰УѾо׼˼Բʵر̵ַ
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̵ʦڵӡϣӡ
ȥһ˵˵꣬ߴתȥ˿˿ؿ
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ǺǺǣǲǸ˼Ӵ«ʦĻʼͲӦҡǺǺǣٿ˵۰Ӵ
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̵εЦ⣬ͣ𶯵ʹӲܺܺõؽ⿪ʵ̵ҲǺżġ
⿪ˣ̵ӵ֣һߺ߳ʲôһߴ㽫뵽ͷĿΪ
ɾǸʱӵˢһץסơƿ
ޣ
ֻһʹȫͻȻ̵εͷȥ

̵ӦͷҲѪȻ˵ʲôϾͻ˹ȥ
ޣޣ˭Ҫߣȥɡ
ӲϵţȻԽ̵޵˼㡣
ڵ˵ûб¿ǣҡ
Ϊ˲ʧȥƵܲ˲ƴġ
ӾŵӵѪơƿͬʱҲҿûڡ
ܡһҪӵڵҽԺµ׿κ͹Ҳ־ȫ
Ӳҷ춯ץסӵȹҵĴһ¡ȻԺ֮ǲͣرܡ
һ׵ġʹͣҲһһܵģ
ܵͬʱӺöȰ˵Լȴʼͣ
ŵʱӼ߽ˡ쳣غˡӵѾɵװ


2

ܡƴʹԼ򶨡
ͣƷΧĶΣ֮æ뿪˽ֵ뾡ԶܡΣҲ׿׽סĻҪ£ǿǶÿ¡
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֮İȥˡҲ׿һֱûгֹ˵һ˺ҲʼϡӵָǰȺЦˡĲҲӺοһԭ֮׵Ҹš
ףһأӣҶѾɫѧڿҪʼʱͶ뵽ʦĹСΪ̸ӢĽʦ٣ʸӾŵӢʦ
ΪԼʦӲŸеϲáʮϲʦĹҴҲˣҹ޷άġ
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ӡ«ʦһ˰ٺ٣ʦ˻ǵһμ˳ĳߴ硱

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¿εʱӴɽʹȥУҡǣʱѾûж˵ӰУʱ֪ɽʹû֡
«ʦķŭǿģǻǺӡ֪ǱΪ
Ϊʲôȷĸҡ
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УĻشģҲܺ¹¼˹ȥ
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վűӴӴʦǺǺǣҡ鷿ǿ𣿡
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ǰŮȫͬӵٸĸоǼ
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ٺ٣ȡңġָҪܻһء
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ҿվϰʦѧϰ֮ѧϰһԷ֪ʶٺ٣ʦ忴ӴӦõһء
ôڶڿοʼЦ˵


3

ǿʼӵ塣
ɽֱ쵽ҵ鷿ϣӸʼࡣͬʱָⲻͣЮͷʱ촽߸
ѽֹͣ
Ӵ޺šʹҲоָ鷿ϵ˶
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Ǹ򿪵˫ϥ֮ĹԵذŪӵĻ١
СлӰ족
ӼҵҡͷԴϮĸо
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ӷ˾εĿͷҲ߶µҡ
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ٺ٣ͷӲʦһɡ
ȻӴΪɫƬģضӴ൱ءɽһЮͷһ߸š
Ҫ
ʱӵĿ仯ΪƵңָÿΰڶʱӵҲ˱֮ǰеķӦ
ǺǺǣߵɫӴһԼ򿪣ʪӴ
һ߿űָĹ֭һЦˡ
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ǺǺǣúõؿţʦԽӴ
Ѿʪ͸˵ػ԰ӳȡһż͵ȪӵƬ֮Ϊһȥרŵĵġӵǰʾһ¡Ȼ򿪿أľżͷ񵴣Ҳʼ
ת˲䣬ӵֲˡ
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ΪҲԽӴǺǺǣһĻҵĿЧҪݺݵءطС
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Ϊʲôı𡭡ҲǸޣ
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ǲ벻ڿ㣿

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ǱƵͶ·ˣĿҲԽҡϿѾˣǣǸƵģӵȫȵȥ




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1

ﱻʹ޷ȫͶڿΡҲ֮ǰʪˡ
ȡƬټȥĲˡ
ƬʹӲòԹΨǴӣȡƬĻôҲڼ䣬ǵĶ绹ڼšǣʼûַӡ񱻹ֹһ
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Ź֭ͣصνձɽĵЦˡ


2

ڿˣܽȻûбѧǷ֣ҵ軹ʹ᲻ͣš
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ߵĸɽЦȻŪӡҪطǱռţڹڲˣɽôŹõĻᡣ
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һ߿ޣһ̧šԥӣһַ̧
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Ƶ̽ͷɽЦŵ˵ͷ
«ʦҪ̧ȫ¶ӴĽá
ĽµĶܱ̳
ΧҵߣʹᣬҲò߿ޱԾšǸһأҲţԾš
ʱӵȫѾʪܵģðʯһĺӵ赸ɢ帽
ӵƨҲ˹ܵζ潻š˵һӵϰ
ֻǲͣĿšͬʱҲµҡ鷿Ӷƨɣؽ̧ߡ
ٺ٣൱Ʒλĵӹء
ǲǿԽѾѾǵҪ
Ӵ«ʦʹ÷ءΪѵ˵
ֻƴǣǲ⡣
ǸӴҪſ顱
ʲôġ²УԲԡ
Ѿܲ˵طǰΧ˹ֻһ˫߸Ь壬ֻճҫšһ޵
ô죬
ٺ٣۰ɣʦЩء
ʦվŻӶƨӴĥĥĻҾд㡱
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ڹ£ɽǿʼжʱҲ̧˿޳˵ڸɽʹ˽ݴʱ򡣹ӵǰ
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˵꣬ӡݴȥ
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ٺ٣˵ǺǺǣ«ʦǺöء
˵꣬ӵӽס˰Ҳʼˡ
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ɽƤҵĶþǰƤɫоϥҵĸ߶ȡʱСǰͷ
Ӹе䡣ΪһֱǳڵϵģԺױϳ
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£֪𣿣ʦ
˵Ӵֵܺٺ٣«ʦǲڿʲô£
ǿʼЦӡ
֪Ҫʲô«ʦ

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«ʦôһӴ
ǲڿأϣ롭ɣֱӸǾͺ
ǺǺǣôǾͰʦ˼ɡǹƵ˵
ȴӺ汧סӡ͸ɽһߴһ߾
Ҫ
ӱ˱סİ
ȻͣؽкǱ׵رôŤܣûãҲͣ
ԺƱ͵ġ
ٺ٣ôӴĿӴ«ʦӶɡ
ӽӵ˿ǴŵġҿԿǿ޺
Ǹ㡭档㣬ƫҡ㡣ã
Ҫֹͣ
سʱӽ߾ȫкšǱ˱ţҡҡˡ
ŶҪ
Ӷ«ʦ
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ѽֹֹͣͣҪ
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Ҫ
ֻ΢һ㣬÷ôŵӴڲطŽȥ«ʦ
˵꣬ӵ򿪣ҳȥ
ᡭҪ
ӵȥϵļҲȫˡһ
ҲһһعᴩȥӶʹͬʱ˿
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ǺǺǣطŽȥ
عᴩȥԺ󣬹ӵ˦һ߿ޣһתȥ
ѽ¡˵¡
ٺ٣ʼǽȥӴ˵Цˡ
ӵźţɽǿʼ»ҡӵ塣
ġС
ӷ˾İôҲСԽԽʹСɽǵĶȻҲҪӵӹ
ѽѾֹͣ
֪ӵĿ˱仯ƺЩĿС
ٺ٣ʼ˰ɣ«ʦſɣҪɻġ۲Ĺ˵
ӵĿӴͬʱҲӵȫչ
Ҫ
յ촽ҲſˣŻȵغһӿ˱̾
ӵѾȼѾԼڱŪܵĻ漸Ҫվ壬˺ߣֻƾſʼĻֵĿеİš
ĸ֨֨¸µš
ѽ
ٺ٣ô«ʦǧҪǸоӴ
ͻȻ䣬˶ֹͣˡҲ֮󱻴˹ǰ
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«ʦеΪѰҲӹϰӴǺǺǣôŤһ¸ǿ
úõĻ㾡Ʒζ«ʦ
˵꣬Цˡ
ãӵĿһؿʼ졣


3

ӴӺɽʱѧ¿κļ֮ǰ˺öκߵ裬Ҳθ߳
󡭡壬ᱻ˿
ߵĻͲᡣԡ֮ǰһ°ɡ
Ǳܿ˵۾Χӳԡȥԡǰ׸˵ʲôʱͻᱻ˿ңԡߵڼ䣬ǻָӵƨɺ鷿
ԡûˡȥ·塣ӿǿµĶ̾ŵתȥȻǸȴܽ׳ǸҲʹһһҪزš
Ӷȥǰ沢վáӵ忪ʼ
«ʦ̧
ҪŶ뿴
ӵšΪֹȻϵظе裬ӻûַΪˣǽ׳ʱžø¡
ѵ𣿡
˵ţץסӵͷǿȵʹ̧
ǰӷ˰
ǲһĸ˵һǰܸо
æŵñ۾
۾ſӴ«ʦϲɡ
ٺ٣ǷǳĶӴ
һӴҪȻѧУȥ
ǵĿţſ۾ǣ˿µľǸеͷĿѣ
ǺǺǣһ˲Ķء«ʦһסǺǡ
˰ɡΪǵӣʦҪΪǼӴ
ҪƷӴǺǺǣΪǼͰɡ
ɽ棬⿪ӵӡӹƷװƷ
ɣ«ʦ
ӳĬΪǸƷǳС͵İȹдӡˣѧͷĿϣTTϣǸ鷿ĵطԲ͵Ŀڡһ鷿ͱһĿȻˣ߸ЬҲ˴˿˶Ьõִ˿ҲС
ǺǺǣܺʵӰɽЦ˵
ڣ˲ڿͳ鷿Ѿ׿ԽӹĴȶԵʮֻۡ
ҪֵϰӴǺǺǣʼɣ«ʦ
ǰվһк󣬽ʽ¼Ž¼֮˳
ѽ
һ֮˵ؿʼԾ
˿ϵ岻ҡų鷿ƨɡҲöڷͬʱſš
ۣˣӴǺǺǡ
̫˷ȹپһЩʦ
ٺ٣ҪſӴ̫ʦǸ̫
ǲϵطŹֽ
ӽ峯棬ʼҡƨɡΪųС͵İȹƤļһƨɱһĿȻ
ƨ̫ǺǺǣôǸƨɰοǵɡ

ӽҧס촽֪ԼѾѡںɽʱǽҡƨɣ֮档ƨĦŹǲ
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أҪ
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ѾˣҪˡ
ҸҪкǵҺ絽ӵƨϡ
Ҫ
ӸеƨճճҺ壬æŵشǰ㡣ܡΪﻹȴš
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Ҳǿ˶٣ҲǶ˼ӣ֮Ҳӵƨ˾
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ץסӵĺڷǿнѹ촽ϡѾǸȦסر˫ۣ˹ھ޴ӽססؿ
Ҫֻ촽ͷҲҪõӴ«ʦӹϰ촽÷ء˵
ΪֹһֱַֹӵĹʹӵ촽ɽҲǳˡ
ҪѾ޷
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ҪֹͣԼԼϴŶֹͣ
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ôҾͰƨɺúϴһ°ɣٺ٣ҪʼϴӴ
ĻǲϴʦĴȺ¸
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һأͻȻشͷҧš˵ǳϴ˵ǵصصذظĦŪǱԡŪճƤ
ڸɽӵظĦճƨɡҲȷƨɵݳ̶ȣٸĦͬʱָ⡣
ƨ̧ӦҵָһӴ
ʹҲһأٺ٣ͷѾӲؾӴ
ҴӸԴ༷ӵ鷿סͷҡΡֱõߵĺһ
Ľӷ򿪣ָ治ͣŪš
ٺ٣൱أ«ʦ
һָζ޵ĴһͿԡ顣
ϿʼͱݺŪ壬һֱ񱻻һоַܻĸоҲһֱûֹס
ǺǺǣʲôоӴ«ʦ
ء˵
ӵΪΪֹԼĶ룬Ѿȫ֪ˣǾǱŮ˵ԡ
ѽҪ
ôҧס촽޷͵ǳˡ
ҪɻӴǺǺǣʦϲİɡ
ָȥʱǿʼܻһһزȥ

ôܻӴ«ʦǺǺǡЦ˵
ʱԼָʲôȡһԭһ
ɽӴǺǣιͷҪúõϴһأʦ
һЦһó˵ֻͣЩͬȫ÷ɵġǹڻѧϵļϵõģû뵽ôʹõĻᡣϴ鷿ĴңΪʾǸ
ŶĶá
ԵúǱ
ģŶУҪ
㿴ΪӴܴӴ÷ģǺǺǣϴĻһأ«ʦ
һ˽ȥΪǷģ˶˳
ȥʱ򼸺ҪӹҲǸϣ˰顣
ʲôġᡭ
Ȼ˵ᣬܵĿȴͣϳ壬ҲǴҲʶˡ
ѽ١
ʹýгӻǿʼԼҡӵҲŪƤĸɽɽҲָҵ˶
ѽУˡ
֪Уӵʼˡ
Ǽӹ˶ȫŵֻ֡ЩԽܵĿУȫŻһͬʱкˮһһεش̼еƤ
ںɽʹʱѾҵĿˡ
ԣѽҪ
ҲԼôʹңҲûڽʱֿŵò
ǺǺǣ漤Ұ«ʦôӴ
УԡѽѾ
ǺǺǣҪ߳ǲǷǳ߳«ʦ
ʼƵ͡ȴѾҲ΢ͣҪԣİҲö
ѽѾ
ӵѾʲô֪ˡӺſţ岻ͣط
ҪѾ
ӿʼȫҵزһ߾ţһҲƮƮɵı顣
ǣûֹ𱸡
أͻûóӴ
ŷ͡ȴӵͷҧţɽҲƨͶ촽
ƣһαϵ
أҪѾ
Ӳͣſš
Ů˵˲֪ͬǷӭӸ֮߳ûֹ𱸣֪Ǽ¡΢Ϣһ¶ֱйһ
ѽ١
ٴδֱĺҲʼˡ
ӱ߿ޱҡͷҲǱҵİǳĸŪˣȴޱȵޣ


4

һΣǶΡμǸµĹҲֳ־޴Ĺ೦׷ԼӴܣǣӵ屻֩һصšҲϵؽӽˡ
ҪŶҲҪ೦
ӴţǸ˲䣬ͻȻˡƹҲ̽Ǵ͵ͫס
ѽԭΡˡ
ԭӲ֪ʲôʱӷ˯ˡϾͷԼһ˿ĳţӼæ塣
ʶѣղԡҵҲˡҲ֪Լһ˼θ߳ĴλţԺ¾Ͳ֪ˡڣ¸ֱǦһسءңĸоš
Ӱס¸̧˿̣ûйǵӰҲоͷ顣ˣǱԵػŸӵȹڷĽֻȡ·ϼ򵥵Ĵϡ
ӵ붯һ̾͵ذ档ӿʼ
ɤӶƵʱıҺͷŭһϳ
ȥĲˡ취
ţӲ֪ͻȻվ
ʱߴ˸ɽЦͻȻվס͵͵شӴ߿ȥͬʱҲ˸ɽʹҶ˵ĶԻ
ٺ٣Ǹָ̫ڻʦζءȫĵŮˡ
ǲǶ«ӵǸĽӴ
ԣղŵ¾˷ܣҪȫַĻӴֹˣȥ
֪Ӵֻ˵ϾͻӴʲôҪɡ
Ӷ˵ĶԻп֪ȥʲôط
Ӿͳʱ͵͵شӴˡ
ףˣԼֻٴαŪ
취룡ѽҸô죬ȡƬ
ֻҪǵǸƬͱΨǴӡ
ӿʼһѰǣֵĶֻɫ鿯ɫ飬ûӵƬ
ҳҪˣ
ôûУûСô졭
ӿʼżӵķǹǴŶĳûĻǲ˵һֱƬϡ
ӵӡԼΪ˲ԹΨǴӣ뵽ҪȡƬӵҲ˽ޡ
ѽСûС
ʱͻȻ¼ϵĻæŵõǹ
鿪ʼڿڴѰҡһŷ⣬òִ򿪡
Ƭ
ˣڷˡ
ʮ壬ӱ׿κ͹ҲַʱƬǣ뵽ĶȪĵӵʹһ۶ᡣ
յ
ԽżȴôҲŪŴĻ
Ҫ򶨡ջ٣ҲöԹΨǴӡ
ȻʹϷ̵Ƭȼӿʼһһŵա
һŵʱڰˡĵͬʱԹǵͷŭҲֹסϳһȻȥ̵ĸɽʹһͷӡ
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ٺ٣ңǲע⵽ʦ·ٺ٣ӴϾ塱
ĬĬЦţһЦһ߿ӡʤò
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ȥҾ죬ظǿδ죬ĻʹǵСµУҲòǡ
һ߸Ħպ۵ӣһšЩһĸǵõӦеĳͷӵǲƽġ
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ʱһʻǰˡɽϽܵǰʼ˵ľ
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ǺǺǣ˭޴ҪĶŵӴٺ٣«ʦ㻹ǸҰɡ
ǹȻ򶨣һĬĬЦš
ӲȴΪ˷ԼĲֽк
Ҹûк۵ıҪǡޣ͵ˡӲͣ
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仰Ǵӳﴫġԭﻹһˡ
ͻȻǶ̾ͱΪžʱˡ
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һӴȴԶǵģﶼĥ
ͺͷ̫ȷȷʵʵǹҲ
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1

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һֱƵı⣬һرųͬʱɢֱλͬʱһ


2

൱ľӴʦϵıҲء
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ת˲䣬ӾͷʹĽ

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ǣӵĽŲûгܾãҲıȻڻš

ҡͷſš
֪ĸűſˣʹûпʼʱˡȴ滻ģĸоʹȻ޷խҵؾ
ǺǺǡǲǺᣬ«ʦϣ͹Ҫ೦أ˵Ӵ
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Ҳһתëʣһ߳Ц


3

ҲŰס˫ŵӣʹվ
˫Ȼڱӣ岻ͣҡšҲΪļ䱻Ÿţ°Ѿľˡ
һ¡ǺǺǣûáƨɿ׶ſӴ
ȥ֧ӵ壬ԵıȻȥӵĴȴ
Ҫ
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ӵƨɶ߶šǸȴҲ˵졣ӸŴĸȡؿſڡ·խһأ¶ʵޡ
Ҳ۾ĸţóִع죬ԼǴĴָĴϸҲʮϡԴĲֻš
һʮֿӴǺǺǡ
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ӿ˳Ť壬һȫǰ׷
«ʦڶһҪŶ
غһͬʱҲӿעҺٶȡ


4

ӿı⡣ȻڵˮݼȫƸˣǱȴȻ޷ֹԵϮȴʲҲ
ڷĹ೦ֹ೦֮ٱͷԽ֮ӣٴΣԼ㲻ҲŪþƣ˯ˡ
ʧȥʶˣǲƣ뵽̶ֳȣܵĶ⣬ʹ޷ιȥ
ʦǺŮ˰«ӡ
Ҳһ˵һ߼Ūĸţ˫ֱںſεϣ˫ȱָֿĸ֮С
ˣ쳣ֲ֪ƣĹҲַӣ׷ֻӵĸŶѡ
أء
ֻʱҲûκηӦˡֱżһ
ֿҲȫˡ
ǺǺǣѾ൱ˡ΢
ҲһȻӵĸơȫ򿪵ĸţû뵽йٵڲ
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ڿʲôӴ˵«ʦǺǺǣϾͻ˵ġ
ŶëȻشµĵҲܺõЦš
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һЩһ㡭Ķݷšȫ񾭡塢ȫĿ֮С
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鷿Ĺ˵ŪͷͷһķӦšǹ֮󣬵һηַӦӵĺˮʹ鷿ϸƤĴУܲˡְذѴȥ
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ѽˣҪˣŶ
ѾֹͣңĲӿˡ


5

ʱѾˡйٱΣڲǹҲҺʱѻȥƵ˯ˡ
ǺǺǣǲ«ʦ൱Ӵ
ҲЦؿӵ
һˣڷҲ˻ش
һ߿һ߷ĵģûɡٺ٣ַʦƨɿء
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˵
Ҳŭʹӵһ¡
ǣˡӵģӵƨɿףѾǹҲ
Խӵ˵
йٱַʹܵǿҵĴ̼ԼѾ޷ٴˡӦøɺԵˮٶ˳
ҲЦ
㲻˵ѰɣʦƨɿҵĶʲô𣿺ǺǺǡ
ġκ¡
ر˵ǳ׵ľУʾȫˡ
ôʹǹ೦Ҳе˰ɡԼҪҵӴ«ʦ
ʲôǸ
е㶯ҡĴͣš
೦ֿµ£ܻϰߵġݷĸؽȻ˾ú£ȴʹ֮ܵУһȫˣڹ೦ʱ򣬳֮߳⣬Ǻܡ
Թ೦ô«ʦ
Ҳ·֡ӱȸؽ¹೦ʹ˺ܶΣȻе¡ԹҲԣֱܲˡ
춹೦еŮȤԲ֪߳ܵ˹೦һ˼ҲûУһλǳŮˡ
ʵӴʦȪ֡һʦ೦չ
ٺ١֪ԼӴңҪüΪ೦
ʲô¡ԡҪ೦
巢βӲҹ೦Ľʹֻ࣬ҪȫҪֱݣ˼ε
ӵƨǹҲĶӴ¶ˣֻй೦ԡ
ӿŰ
ô೦Ӵ
ǣҪĻһġҪȥУκ¶ԡ
ʲô˼˵೦ǺǺǣ¶«ʦ
ͷµؿҲ
ҲŰԱ˭ǿΪӺſޣԲںʹüǧccĸҺ೦ӿĿԺСˣӻǲͣĿš
ҲЩ鶯ʲô
ǲҪ೦չڻȷȵܾ֮ǺǺǣǲҪ೦չҪʦ̬Ӵ
ЩˡȻǸ೦չʱСǣΪ˶κεĳ衣
ôվɣʦɰѧǻšʹҲԽأ˵ѧϰܾ𣿺ǺǺǣǸûᣬһ£ǲ¶Ӵٺ١
Ҳקӣȥ
ӱһֱûʹõƾСԹΪģһβվŸɽʹң̡ҲԺһ봹ͷȥҲΪڹҲǰĸ˵϶һ̬ؽšˣǵ۹⻹͵͵ۼ
ʦҲ˳ʱ򣬼ʹҲеϲɡ
ٺ٣һ۰Ǹĵƨɿء
Ǹоһܰɣٺ١
ͻȻһҲʼͬؿѧǡ
ڱѧǳŪţһֱ֧ӵġǣ֧ҲҲ˺ãֻк£ԼΪֹûйıҡ
ãӴӶҲ
ǣ硱
һӦš
Щٺ٣«ʦԼҪӴ
ҲץסӵĺڷʹԼ
ô«ʦѧӴһأǺǺǡ
Ҳ˵
һؽĿѾͲµӣȫͣز
ôˣʦ
ҲקӵĺڷǿšȻʮֲԸ⣬ڹҲ£Ӳò
ӴܣҲǲݾܾʱԼֻˣϳ˱
Ҳ󡭡ϣϣѧǿ
ǺǺǣӴ˵«ʦ
ӵƨɿס
ֺߵıݿʼˡ
ĬĬЦţһȥ༷Ƿƨǰ
ԼҪģҪúõؿʦƨɿףٺ٣̫Ȥ
ʯ˷ܵ˵һҲ˽𱸵ĴǶԣһжôʡ
ƨɽӴ³ʹӸе䡣ҹ೦󱻸ؽĵط¶ǰޱȵغߡ
ôúΪչʾɡ
Ҳߴӡ
뿴ˣǾ͸ҡ
ͨ죬ĵԷֿš˵ǰҴš

ƨɲͣزѾʼˡӵҲҵȫ򿪡
ǵ۾ҫ˷ܵĹâӵĸŸһ޵ζ
ûӴʦ˭
ʲôġѾˣ˵ѡ
ӵѾشš֪ԼҪλѾ׵¶Ҳܵҵߡ
˵ܿˣп˵
ٺ٣ǿӴ«ʦ
ɽ˵ѡҺһԲͣЦ
۸ܲˡ
ӴʦҲżأٺ٣ܸſ˫ŵưɡ
ҲѶﴹӽһЩĸ߶Ⱥ󣬽ӴһȦ
ô«ʦŴȦĻȾȫſˣǺǺǡҲ
Ӱ쵽ȦҲʹͣҡͷʹšϥǱüҪ鷿ѹһǿŮڸǵĵطȴǳس֮ǰ
ٺ٣ܿˡܿʦƨɿӴЦ˵
ͣһ
ƨɿʵ̫ɰ«ʦ
Ҳǽ𣿺ٺ١
͸ɽʮ˷ܣҲͣ̾
ǺǺǣǻأûƨɿſڰɡǲǣ«ʦ
Ҳ˵ȡװ͡
һĻӲûбֳǱ
ʲô
ص˵ͷǶѾ֪ҲҪʲôˡ
Ҳ͵һߺͿֻͣ˵˵ѿɲУٺ٣ѧǰչʾһôʹɡ
ҲЦʾ͡ȻЦȴֲݷļ
Ҫóȥ೦չģĻҪ˵ˡ
ôӴ«ʦѧԽǲǺиɾ
ˡΪʹǸɡ
ӵ촽šѾתɱ
ϣʹӴʦȷظǡ
Ϊӵƨɿʹá
ԭƨɿ𣿺ǺǺǡ
Ҳס͵ǰͷظĦӵĸš
ӵѾʼˣƵҡŶµó鶯
͸ɽš
Ҳ磬ĴŽȥ
ֱڻ޷ŵظɽʵ
ٺ٣Ů˵ƨɿ׿ĶӴѵĻֵҲܷŽȥǺǺǣʦ
˵꣬Ҳһһѹȥ
Žȥѽ
ӴţҲȥһƨҲ߶µš
ءᡱ
ƨɿٷɵ㡱
ᣬʹ
ٺ٣㻹һܱġ
Ҳһһسȥ
űǿȵſͳڲ
ۣ
˵ӸоźðӴ͸һϸ񾭵Ҳ뵽ڲࡣֱ˲ţǾνй١
ôûƭǰɡĽȥ˰ɣǺǺǡ
Ҳ˵Цˡ
ŴƵĸоӲҡͷϢţͬʱҲ˹Ҳ
Ҳһͣӵ
«ʦ⻹һ͡ôӴеΪء
ʲôġ
Щʧ롣Ҳʲô˵ҲסǣڵӶԣܾǸܵġ
Ҫء
Ҳ͵ǰͷͱͱӵաŵȫ
ʲôġѵҪʹǸ
ӴǵʦһܼįġҲߴٵ
ӲΥò˵˳
ѽǰ桭šŵӵǰ桱
ӴϢ˵˵֮󣬴ʹ
ٺ٣ڸ˵ؿʦ
ҲûӵĿս͡ڱƷ˽ȥΪ˷ֹÿҪӹ
ءۡ
ӵҧݳšǰͺ汻ͬʱͶסˡӷŰȫͣšҪˡ
ʹñ˫ۣҧݵ˲䡣֪Ŀػû򿪡
ǰƨɿͬʱӴҲƽʱĶӴ
ҲҲ˷ܵЩ
ٺ٣ҪúõؿӴʶŮĿơ
ҲĻûлش𡣺˵һֻѪ۾ԵĿš
صĹҲƵġ
һȣ򿪿֮ǰʦȥɣٺ٣ϵڻûȥɣ«ʦ
ͻȻµۡȷʵšǣǰͺ涼ͣһǸ߸ߵرһֻŵƣ˵ҪҪ˵ˣǲֻ֪ʲôķԼ
Ҳȥ
˵ˣ㲻øͬȥˡ
벻룬Ĳȥ
ӲϵķϡǣҲȴĬĬЦˡ
Ȼһ°ɡ
ָӵϼѹȻȡ޻ǴС
ѽȵȡŶ
Ȼæˣһ
޻ǰͷѾشӵڡ
ѽҪ
ǺǺǣǲǺӴʦȻƨɿ׺ǰĿȫסˣҲӦðοһء
˵ţʼ޻ͷͣת
ʹĿҲӦ൱аɣٺ٣죬׿Ӧþͻú۰ˡ
أأȡҪŶȡɡ
õӴһġ
Ҳ޻شڲ
ʹţȫҲѾֱˣͬʱһ˳Ųӵ˼޻Ĵ̼£ⲻرųڱųһκҲֹͣˡ
ǺǺǣôľ󰡣˵Ǽܴġ
Ҳͬʱ򿪶͵Ŀءһ˲䣬͵ͷɵĲҲʼ
Ҫ
ӴƨҲͦǲ˵΢´ڸźŮزλͷͣɢθĤĦҺҲɢǸ
Ҫܲˡ
Ӵſ
ٺ٣ʦŮǸҪſĻӶɢų
ͣĿҲתǿ
ҪҡҪŶ
ӵİͿѾһ𡣣նķҵķ仰ǡòˡ
ת˲ʹﵽ˸߳ȫҵؾΣУҲ
üҡǲô
ҲȻûжϿصĴ㡣ԣӻڸ߳ʱٴα
ҪѾԡ
ʹذţ弸ȾΣҲұ顣
Ѿθ߳ˣʦ
Ҳһӵƨɣ˵


6

ҲͣסصʱӵѾƣϲͣҡš
ǺǺǣǾôŮϲӴ˵ΣʮΣŮҲһ߳ءҲ˵
ǻûд˷лعƵضԹҲ˵ĻǰӵʱûнЧ
Ǵ硣һʦˬ
ʵ̫ҶҪ̲ס侫أٺ٣ǲҲ
Ҳء
ɽʹӴЦ
ԭһԾõľҪͷأǺǺǣһǺúõּҲЦ˵
ҲŰرˡŰӵĸ⣬Ҫڶ˳ŪпǸеϲõԡŮԽǱڶŪԽ
ּ飢ʣһ뿴˹Ҳ
Ҳ磬˵ּġĿԡ
˷ܵʵҹѾݺݵַӵ壬ΪᣬǸееδ .ӴǺǺǣҳӵĽ͡ҿϲķǿӴ
ҲֻشʹǷϲõػ
ֻѾˣѾƣһ㷴ӦûС
ֻд鷿¸һزϵشϢ
Ҳסӵ壬⿪Ӷӡ
ôоᣬҪװӴ«ʦ
ֱ۱ų󣬽ƣָʶ
۾ڹҲĻſŮˣؾֹ
Ȼθ߳ʦҲ൱أٺ١Ҳɶ˵
˵
ԽذڹҲĻҲͷһοӣɵйȵĶϳӵ촽Ҳûʲô̹ȻͷҲͻȻ÷ǳɰΪڻͷҵŹеҺ
أʹ࡭ء
ӲԾغۣ첻
Ȼж˿أȻֱҲ촽ȵĶٴϳӵʼˡ
ĽǺ󣬹Ҳ촽ȥ͵ݵϡ棬һһؽ
ûһƬƲʣ˵ôĴۡоһжôĲʵ峺գɫĴأˬˬȽӵȴǰŪˡ
ǣǶԣӵȴޱȵޣѩ׵Ƥյʹصɫӳš
棬Ҳӷŵ
ôʦԼԽˣҪ˫ŴشӴ
Ѿҡ
СҲ˵
ӺµÿҲЦƵĵͷĵؿʼſšΪȻܸ߳ϳ塣
ٴһӴʦ
ӵŸſˣǱ֮ǰҵشš
ãڰ˫ϥҲš
ӵ˫ϥ
ǵһۼƴš
Ҫôô
ǶԼҲֳȤӵ벻֪˵˳
Ҫôôֻǡ
ʦ˵ʲô
Ǹ㲻ʲô˵
ҲسŮ˵زλ͡Ҳ˺ֻܶճĹ֭滹ճߡ
أʹ࡭
ŤȵڲѾˣʾڵ顣Ϊͱ˳ҲӺߡ
Сôúߡ
Ӻߵȫͨ죬ԽӿˡǣȻ͡
ǺǺǣǲǺܺߣʹҲԽӴǽʦء
ʲôġҪӺߵ˵
ԣΪѧ뿴Ӵ
θ߳ԺѾˣҲȴȻǿҪٴߵıݡͨӹҲȻֽתƵ͸ɽ
ˡǳΪǵʵϡ
Ӱ˳ȥԼӱ¶ǿ
úõؿӣԿŮ˵ͷӴͷ⡱
Ļ˵ԺҲеȣû뵽Լ˵ǱǿҪ˵Ļ
֪źƴšǿǲǰӵ̬ܲˡϾ̾ţԽԽԽԡ
Ů˵šǾǴкܶ໨۵޻䡣زλļ䱻ǿţſڣĻ꣬ҲѪʢšʱƵĳ鶯š
ǳɳѪɫء
Ӵֻɫÿ״ҲΪĽӷҲſӴ
̾ͣҲڵĻǿ϶ۼڸߵȺһأһӵϡΪӿʼʾزλʱǾ̲סҪ֣ʱѾڽȴˡڶԹҲĺ£ûͬ⣬ǻּӡ
Ǵ㿴ͷӣǸӰһĻҲĵЦˡ
̰Ŀڲֻͷ඼¶ӴǺǺǡ
˵꣬Ҳ͵͵ӵϱ顣
Сǣ뿴ͷӴ«ʦѧǵ֪ɣǽʦְء
Ҳص˽š
Щԥ¾İ˹ȥſ˫ţ˽ӱ¶
ѽҪôźáš
ǣҲȴҡҡͷ
ӴʦǸͷ𣿺ǺǣҪǿײ
ʲôġùӴٴ򿪡
ӲͣҡͷǰˣߵƣҲӸ¡
˵ҺܹʹĻ
Ҳӵǰ
̺µð
ʹƿŮ˵زλ붼ñ䡣
ʲôĶҪá㣬ô¡
Ҫ̫ӴʹСѨôܿأҲü˵
ʹ¶棬μӹ೦չأʦǾһɣǺǺǣʦܹ೦ĻǻٿӴ
Ҫ೦Ŷ
ӺµýкѾѡһǣҲǲͣ׷ʡ
һ𣿡
ʹáǸ
Ӻ޺޵˵Ѿ˿˿ʼˡ
Ҳӷֿӵ˫ţ̧͸ɽļϡӵ˫ˮƽ߷ֿ
ǺǺǣҪѼһĲ֣ʦ
ѼĲſ
Ҫ򿪣Ŷÿ¡
ӷԵذȻ£۾һҲû뿪Ǹҵߡ
ôҪúõĿӴ«ʦ
Žȥ
˵꣬ڱ˫ۣҧ
ҲǰŪŵ⣬֮ƷŽȥ
ԡ
ӿŲҡͷȫѾӲˡֻһŤšǱı䴥ʹӺöθе䡣
ȫڲʱѾֻҡͷ߳ܵıݲеҲˡ
ǺǺǣڷŽȥˣʦҪӴ
Ҫ򿪡
ߵĵطʼʱҡ̧˫ţؿˡ
ѽŶʹ
ʹģǺǺǣŮ˵ʮӴ
Ĺ֭Ū÷ǳʪ󣬲ұѼšŮ˵زλŪڱ
ʦͷȫܿӴ
Ҳ˷ܵ˵һҽԴŵӡͬʱҲſޡ
ǺǺǣֻнִ򿪡ܳ׿ءӹܿʦӴ
أҲѾˡ
ʹš·߳ܺᶼһͬһͣҡͷ
ԡҪúõչʾһ¡˵ѧϰŮ幹ʵϵģʦ
յҲźţȫΧ˹ÿ˵ﶼѪڹǵԣܹŮ˵һ˷ܵ¡
ǸڱﻹڹǵƤ±ġ
ſӵ֮䣬ͣšճޱչҴǸͷԿըȦһĶǾӹ
ʵ̫ˡ
ǽס̾ĽŮ˵ζɢʹǲһҪ侫
ѽ𿴣ôԡ
ӿҡͷ
ǱֻţҲлӰӴٺ١
Ҳ˵꣬һ֡Ƚָǹ
С
ӿʼսİȫѾˡָſ֮šָһһޡˡƺɽʹǣҲȲطŽָػ
Ҫ
ǺǺǣָڶأʦ
ָŪϵĴҲ̸ʹָ档
ɽҡ̽Ů˵Ļ٣ҡŵ͡
ȻʹģҲҡŮ˵ĹܡӵﴫƵʼ϶شϢ
泩ʦ
ء
ѹؿʼҡӦǱ̧ţҲʼͣ
ٺ٣֭ҺϵӿӴоôʦ
أ𣬱˵ˡ
Ů˵ıԡôᣬҲеӦˡ
ǻڲϵָŪšÿζĴңŮ˵ҲȵĵطܻһĴָ⴫ǵͷ
ٺ٣Ѿˡ
˵꣬Ҳ˹ǵָǻٶഥһ˭ҲΥҲ
ǿһΡײֻճأԿӹӴҲҪǺǺǣҪˣʦĴߴӴ
Ҳһʾһ˵šͬʱ۲Ůı仯
ŶѾҪ۸ҡ
Ȼô˵ȴѰָĴ̼һس鶯šʵӵѾܵĻΧˣҪϵĽܴ̼ʲôĴ̼Ҫ
ʲôŽȥҲҪɻģ«ʦ
Ҳӵ鷿˵ڱ鷿ӵˬӸǣϴƵĿ۾һĿҲ
ɣȻ֪硱
ǲϣŽȥ뻹ǲأ
ҪҪŶ
ӴϢ˵ߵҲһߡ
Ѿûоǿòǰһ˳ӵҲ֪ʧȥˣҲѱܵĻݻˡ
Ҫ㣬㣬żˡ
ż𣿺ǺǺǣʦڴߴأӦҲѧڿּ׼Ӵ
ҲһسһǡʱеϲãӿҵĻȻּͬӣӵǹҲŮˡҪǻˣҲ룬ҪԺɲҲŮ˳֣ǾͲòһ¡
Ŀּ𣿴硱
صһ顣
ȻӴٺ٣˵ǽ͡ǣֻƨɿײҲЦ˵
ҪӴ«ʦ

ĸأֱȫΪֹ
ˡϲ
ӿǣСػش
֮󣬹ҵػݵء


7

ϵڱ⿪ˡһ߸Ħŷǳֱۣһ߱ŹҲ
Ҳһᰴ˵ȥˣϣаƨȡɡ
ӿšȻѾ͹ǣȻڸ
СҪŰɡ
Сֵĸоģ¡
˵ֵĸо𣿺ǺǺǣǾҵͰɣ«ʦ
ʲôǸ
Ѿˣûȥ󡣹Ҳ棬Źַӵ˳
ٺ٣ǵڶ
˵˵ϣһȻ˵ǵͷĿǸɽʹҡ
Һ͸ɽͻȻ쵽ӵϡ뵽Լûбŵǰ棬ҪŪһӵƤȷʵǶֻǹĸࡣ
Сӣ˭ֵġ
Ҳ߳УߣĴºţŭر
һ󣬴Һ͸ɽæŵջ֡
Բ𣬴硱
ǵŰˣͣĵͷϴ
粻ǹҲĴ󷢣ֻӵһ߶ճϡ
𾪻š˵̰ӴǺǺǣúõһµġ
ҲûټΪɲϡҲùǰ
ӴʦѧǵǸأһǳġ
Ҳӵ˵ΪǶˣĸӲüҪӵǰšһĻֻбر۾ѾٱֳǱˡ
۾ӴʦǺǺǣҪһһأܾƽӴúÿһ°ɡ
ҲӶߵš
ؿǰĹҹݺݵԼĳֵëȻšȵζʹӶġ
˵ʲô𣿿ץסһʹ˵ĶɣǺǺǣʦӦøѧŶӴ
Ҳץסӵͷݵ˵
ǳ
˵һ仰ԼĶҲġȻûйҲĴ󣬲һǿԼ
Ҫ˵ֻʦ
һҡһ߸ӡʱҲ֪ӵĶߵ˵ʲôֻͨ죬ͣҡͷҲץͷ
ѽǸҲӲһܰġ
ҵĽһϲӴٺ١
ĬĬЦˡȴʼ˿˿ˡҪǱҲ׿ǿҲˡҲǷӣôҲܡǣȴͬǸȴҪȡÿһ¡
ʦôӴǲ벻λ𣿺ΪѰɡҲ˵
Ǹͨġ󡭡
λ𣿺ٺ٣иȤ뷨ءվţվǰ桭
뷨վãȻӺϣץ鷿һƨɵĴһַ
ô«ʦ
֪ˡһվţͰ㡭ӿ˵
ĻŵһѾȷˡڶԵֱЩ൱е¡
ٺ٣ҪӴʦһݺݵزģһر
ʲô¡˵ˡ
Ӻµؿתһߡ
ԣݺݵز롭
һЦ
ѾҪҲǺѧӵҪ졣
ʲôλϲɣ«ʦ
ϲ
ٺ٣ʦſȥҪӺӴ
ǿ޽λӴ
ԴԼԹޡѾ䵽˵ߵĻŮˣͣϳ塣֪䣬ǰСѧʦʱѧǵֵСæߵҡš
ڵӶԣûʱ俼Ƕ£Ҳû뵽ܡû߳ܺżһʹǶô£Ҳֻгܡ
͸ɽ֮󣬴ҵַҲʼˡ˶ǿҪԲͬλԼ˭ûλ
ǺǺǣǵҪ˰ɡ
һֱעŵĹҲվ塣
ʹʦŰɡ
ٺ٣磬Ѿ
ĬĬЦšʹûţǴӸղſʼѾԾԾˡ
ͿҪӴǺǺǣԺŵġ
Ҳ˵Ǹֵر顣ǲ֪Ҳʲô˼
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